{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997753817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800050016x","title":"Long\u2010Term Tillage, Crop Rotation, and Nitrogen Fertilizer Effects on Wheat Yield under Rainfed Mediterranean Conditions","display_name":"Long\u2010Term Tillage, Crop Rotation, and Nitrogen Fertilizer Effects on Wheat Yield under Rainfed Mediterranean Conditions","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997753817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800050016x","mag":"1997753817"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800050016x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800050016x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800050016x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139950591","display_name":"Agronomy Journal","issn_l":"0002-1962","issn":["0002-1962","1072-9623","1435-0645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048464196","display_name":"Luis L\u00f3pez\u2010Bellido","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9118-7920","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9118-7920"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53110688","display_name":"University of C\u00f3rdoba","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc77b46","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53110688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"L. L\u00f3pez\u2010Bellido","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. de Ciencias y Recursos Agr\u00edcolas y Forestales Univ. of C\u00f3rdoba P.O. Box 3048 C\u00f3rdoba Spain 14080"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. de Ciencias y Recursos Agr\u00edcolas y Forestales Univ. of C\u00f3rdoba P.O. Box 3048 C\u00f3rdoba Spain 14080","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53110688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101490576","display_name":"Mariano Fuentes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2945-6082","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2945-6082"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53110688","display_name":"University of C\u00f3rdoba","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc77b46","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53110688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Fuentes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. de Ciencias y Recursos Agr\u00edcolas y Forestales Univ. of C\u00f3rdoba P.O. Box 3048 C\u00f3rdoba Spain 14080"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. de Ciencias y Recursos Agr\u00edcolas y Forestales Univ. of C\u00f3rdoba P.O. Box 3048 C\u00f3rdoba Spain 14080","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53110688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004905222","display_name":"Juan E. Castillo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53110688","display_name":"University of C\u00f3rdoba","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc77b46","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53110688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. E. Castillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. de Ciencias y Recursos Agr\u00edcolas y Forestales Univ. of C\u00f3rdoba P.O. Box 3048 C\u00f3rdoba Spain 14080"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. de Ciencias y Recursos Agr\u00edcolas y Forestales Univ. of C\u00f3rdoba P.O. Box 3048 C\u00f3rdoba Spain 14080","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53110688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113526485","display_name":"F.J. L\u00f3pez-Garrido","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","display_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","ror":"https://ror.org/05r78ng12","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. J. L\u00f3pez\u2010Garrido","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. de Producci\u00f3n Vegetal y Tecnolog\u00eda Agraria Univ. of Castilla\u2010La Mancha  Ciudad Real Spain 13071"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. de Producci\u00f3n Vegetal y Tecnolog\u00eda Agraria Univ. of Castilla\u2010La Mancha  Ciudad Real Spain 13071","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111767675","display_name":"E. J. Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52354020","display_name":"University of Almer\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/003d3xx08","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52354020"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. J. Fern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. de Biolog\u00eda Vegetal, Producci\u00f3n Vegetal y Ecolog\u00eda Univ. of Almer\u00eda  Almer\u00eda Spain 04120"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. de Biolog\u00eda Vegetal, Producci\u00f3n Vegetal y Ecolog\u00eda Univ. of Almer\u00eda  Almer\u00eda Spain 04120","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52354020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048464196"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53110688"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4806,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":185,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87262686,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"88","issue":"5","first_page":"783","last_page":"791"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12792","display_name":"Soil Management and Crop Yield","score":0.9409000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12792","display_name":"Soil Management and Crop Yield","score":0.9409000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.032600000500679016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12436","display_name":"Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems","score":0.007799999788403511,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheat-yield","display_name":"wheat yield","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/no-tillage","display_name":"no-tillage","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conventional-tillage","display_name":"conventional tillage","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-rotation","display_name":"crop rotation","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-fertilization","display_name":"nitrogen fertilization","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dryland-agriculture","display_name":"rainfed agriculture","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediterranean-climate","display_name":"Mediterranean climate","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertisols","display_name":"Vertisols","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainfall-variability","display_name":"rainfall variability","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drought","display_name":"drought","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wheat","display_name":"continuous wheat","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual-soil-nitrogen","display_name":"residual soil nitrogen","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrate-leaching","display_name":"nitrate leaching","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-contamination","display_name":"groundwater contamination","score":0.5659999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16397148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878333","display_name":"Tillage","level":2,"score":0.8161605596542358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.8067784309387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.579895555973053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777380357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7284866","display_name":"Rainfed agriculture","level":3,"score":0.5375532507896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175760724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191258","display_name":"Crop rotation","level":3,"score":0.5349138379096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779197568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423986","display_name":"Sunflower","level":2,"score":0.5014324188232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780696901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166322","display_name":"Conventional tillage","level":3,"score":0.49926185607910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126343540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Crop yield","level":2,"score":0.48962146043777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37991615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192084","display_name":"Vertisol","level":3,"score":0.48575833439826965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4552749991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.4499179720878601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778181364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171497","display_name":"Helianthus annuus","level":3,"score":0.4294835925102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4127333462238312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2796933948993683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.16506147384643555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800050016x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800050016x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800050016x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139950591","display_name":"Agronomy Journal","issn_l":"0002-1962","issn":["0002-1962","1072-9623","1435-0645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038036585","https://openalex.org/W2303018359","https://openalex.org/W2042863636","https://openalex.org/W2027359720","https://openalex.org/W2165539990","https://openalex.org/W2955795626","https://openalex.org/W1974263989","https://openalex.org/W2614742604","https://openalex.org/W2089675549","https://openalex.org/W1967353171"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,170],"combined":[2],"long\u2010term":[3],"effects":[4,36],"of":[5,37,95,127,142,147,252],"tillage":[6,38,61,65],"method":[7],"and":[8,42,63,87,98,191,194,257,268],"crop":[9,12,40,204],"rotation":[10,41,205],"on":[11,46,123],"yield":[13,51,140,155,184,267],"have":[14],"not":[15,218],"been":[16],"studied":[17],"in":[18,52,113,167,178,260,262],"rainfed":[19,54],"systems":[20],"under":[21,158,161,185,198],"Mediterranean":[22,55],"climates.":[23],"A":[24,103],"field":[25],"study":[26],"was":[27,110,136,156,165,175,187,225],"conducted":[28],"from":[29],"1988":[30],"to":[31,33,220,247,264,272],"1994":[32],"determine":[34],"the":[35,116,130,143,163,179,182,192,230,242,254],"(TILL),":[39],"(ROT)":[43],"N":[44,92,101,221,243,259],"fertilizer":[45,93,222,244],"wheat":[47,89,124,134,154,183,248,266],"(Triticum":[48],"aestivum":[49],"L.)":[50,73,78,83],"a":[53,120,250],"region.":[56],"Tillage":[57],"treatments":[58],"include":[59],"no":[60],"(NT)":[62],"conventional":[64],"(CT).":[66],"Crop":[67],"rotations":[68,196],"were":[69],"wheat\u2010sunflower":[70],"(Helianthus":[71],"annuus":[72],"(WS),":[74],"wheat\u2010chickpea":[75],"(Cicer":[76],"arietinum":[77],"(WCP),":[79],"wheatfababean":[80],"(Vicia":[81],"faba":[82],"(WFB),":[84],"wheat\u2010fallow":[85],"(WF),":[86],"continuous":[88],"(CW),":[90],"with":[91,107,139],"rates":[94],"50,":[96],"100,":[97],"150":[99],"kg":[100],"ha\u22121.":[102],"split\u2010split":[104],"plot":[105],"design":[106],"four":[108],"replications":[109],"used.":[111],"Differences":[112],"rainfall":[114,128,224],"during":[115,129,229],"growing":[117,231],"season":[118],"had":[119],"marked":[121],"effect":[122],"yield.":[125],"Amount":[126],"vegetative":[131],"period":[132],"for":[133,189,240],"(November\u2010February)":[135],"highly":[137],"correlated":[138],"because":[141],"high":[144],"water\u2010retention":[145],"capacity":[146],"Vertisols":[148],"(Typic":[149],"Haploxerert).":[150],"In":[151],"dry":[152],"years,":[153],"greater":[157,188],"NT":[159,186],"than":[160,197],"CT;":[162],"opposite":[164],"true":[166],"wet":[168],"years.":[169],"TILL":[171],"\u2715":[172],"ROT":[173],"interaction":[174],"also":[176],"significant":[177],"drought":[180],"years;":[181],"CW":[190],"WFB":[193,207],"WF":[195,209],"CT.":[199],"Wheat":[200,216],"yields":[201],"ranked":[202],"by":[203],"were:":[206],">":[208,212],">>":[210,214],"WCP":[211],"WS":[213],"CW.":[215],"did":[217],"respond":[219],"when":[223],"below":[226],"450":[227],"mm":[228],"season.":[232],"Using":[233],"these":[234],"results":[235],"strategies":[236],"can":[237],"be":[238],"developed":[239],"establishing":[241],"rate":[245],"applied":[246],"as":[249],"function":[251],"rainfall,":[253],"preceding":[255],"crop,":[256],"residual":[258],"soil":[261],"order":[263],"optimize":[265],"reduce":[269],"nitrate":[270],"pollution":[271],"groundwater.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}