{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997738137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/293237","title":"Norms of Cooperation","display_name":"Norms of Cooperation","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997738137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/293237","mag":"1997738137"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/293237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/293237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/293237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184849641","display_name":"Ethics","issn_l":"0014-1704","issn":["0014-1704","1526-422X","1539-297X","1556-4444","1937-433X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=pennsong","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030892305","display_name":"Cristina Bicchieri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1648-5068","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1648-5068"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cristina Bicchieri","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030892305"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2311,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94193499,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"100","issue":"4","first_page":"838","last_page":"861"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.18729999661445618,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.18729999661445618,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10785","display_name":"Economic Theory and Institutions","score":0.1656000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10297","display_name":"Philosophical Ethics and Theory","score":0.10459999740123749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-norms","display_name":"social norms","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumental-rationality","display_name":"instrumental rationality","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rational-choice-theory","display_name":"rational choice theory","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooperation","display_name":"cooperation","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utility-maximization","display_name":"utility maximization","score":0.6679999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.46381136775016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4171467423439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.38553279638290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.3348415493965149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/293237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/293237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/293237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184849641","display_name":"Ethics","issn_l":"0014-1704","issn":["0014-1704","1526-422X","1539-297X","1556-4444","1937-433X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:pennsong-1005","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/pennsong/7","pdf_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=pennsong","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Penn Social Norms Group (PennSoNG)","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:20.500.14332/42522","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/42522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"100","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:pennsong-1005","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/pennsong/7","pdf_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=pennsong","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Penn Social Norms Group (PennSoNG)","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1997738137.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1997738137.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3022270932","https://openalex.org/W1853258856","https://openalex.org/W1963254123","https://openalex.org/W4281737941","https://openalex.org/W838335","https://openalex.org/W2135255093","https://openalex.org/W3123295781","https://openalex.org/W2024702982","https://openalex.org/W169512103","https://openalex.org/W2047041142"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"REDUCTIONIST":[0],"STRATEGIESA":[1],"longstanding":[2],"tradition":[3],"in":[4,39,56,65,93,168,247],"the":[5,25,77,81,94,134,159,169,185,217,227,269,279,314,318,333],"social":[6,12,89,104,139,152,163,205,220,276],"sciences":[7],"contrasts":[8],"instrumental":[9],"rationality":[10],"and":[11,34,176],"norms":[13,42,90,164,173,221,292],"as":[14,24,36,167,182,208,289],"alternative":[15],"ways":[16],"of":[17,27,41,96,137,171,242,286,293],"explaining":[18],"action.Rational":[19],"choice":[20],"theory":[21],"defines":[22],"action":[23],"outcome":[26,51],"a":[28,44,59,66,125,138,197,200,204,240,274,299],"practical":[29],"inference":[30],"that":[31,88,107,145,161,187,263],"takes":[32],"preferences":[33],"beliefs":[35],"premises.An":[37],"explanation":[38],"terms":[40],"depicts":[43],"socialized":[45],"actor":[46],"whose":[47],"behavior":[48],"is":[49,109,147,199,215,268],"not":[50,63,142,156,216,296],"oriented,":[52],"since":[53,133],"when":[54],"acting":[55],"accordance":[57],"with":[58,224,325],"norm":[60,140,198,265],"one":[61,71,264],"does":[62,70,141,155],"engage":[64],"rational":[67,110],"calculation":[68],"nor":[69,233],"pay":[72,321],"very":[73],"much":[74],"attention":[75],"to":[76,86,100,111,113,118,149,183,191,202,226,239,261,272,310,331,340],"consequences.Attempts":[78],"at":[79],"bridging":[80],"gap":[82],"have":[83],"either":[84],"tried":[85],"establish":[87],"are":[91,165,179,222,282],"rational,":[92],"sense":[95],"being":[97],"efficient":[98],"means":[99,201,271,285],"achieve":[101,203],"individual":[102],"or":[103,106,178,211,244,307,320],"welfare,":[105],"it":[108,146,154,214,258],"conform":[112],"norms,":[114],"thus":[115],"reducing":[116],"compliance":[117],"utility":[119],"maximization.The":[120],"first":[121],"reductionist":[122],"strategy":[123],"makes":[124],"typical":[126],"post":[127],"hoc,":[128],"ergo":[129],"propter":[130],"hoc":[131],"fallacy,":[132],"mere":[135],"presence":[136],"justify":[143],"inferring":[144],"there":[148],"accomplish":[150],"some":[151,287],"function.Besides,":[153],"account":[157],"for":[158,313,322,344],"fact":[160],"many":[162],"inefficient,":[166],"case":[170],"discriminatory":[172],"against":[174],"women":[175],"blacks,":[177],"so":[180],"rigid":[181],"prevent":[184],"fine-tuning":[186],"would":[188,253,338],"be":[189,236,254],"necessary":[190],"successfully":[192],"accommodate":[193],"new":[194],"cases.Even":[195],"if":[196,257],"end,":[206],"such":[207],"cooperation,":[209],"retribution,":[210],"fairness,":[212],"usually":[213],"sole":[218],"means.Many":[219],"underdetermined":[223],"respect":[225],"collective":[228],"objectives":[229,280],"they":[230,235],"may":[231],"serve,":[232],"can":[234],"ordered":[237],"according":[238],"criterion":[241],"greater":[243],"lesser":[245],"efficiency":[246],"meeting":[248],"these":[249],"goals.Such":[250],"an":[251,290],"ordering":[252],"feasible":[255],"only":[256],"were":[259],"possible":[260],"show":[262],"among":[266],"others":[267],"best":[270],"attain":[273],"given":[275],"objective.Often,":[277],"though,":[278],"themselves":[281],"defined":[283],"by":[284,316],"norm.Consider":[288],"example":[291],"revenge;":[294],"until":[295],"long":[297],"ago,":[298],"Sicilian":[300],"man":[301],"who":[302],"\"dishonored\"":[303],"another":[304],"man's":[305],"daughter":[306],"sister":[308],"had":[309],"make":[311],"amends":[312],"wrong":[315],"marrying":[317],"woman":[319],"his":[323,326,345],"rashness":[324],"own":[327],"life.The":[328],"objective":[329],"was":[330],"restore":[332],"family's":[334],"lost":[335],"*":[336],"I":[337],"like":[339],"thank":[341],"Russell":[342],"Hardin":[343],"helpful":[346],"advice.For":[347],"their":[348],"valuable":[349],"comments,":[350]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}