{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997513893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590802528614","title":"Hinduising India: secularism in practice","display_name":"Hinduising India: secularism in practice","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997513893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590802528614","mag":"1997513893"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01436590802528614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590802528614","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590802528614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64122990","display_name":"Third World Quarterly","issn_l":"0143-6597","issn":["0143-6597","1360-2241"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Third World Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020983386","display_name":"Omar Khalidi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Omar Khalidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020983386"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.461,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9580724,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"8","first_page":"1545","last_page":"1562"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12949","display_name":"South Asian Studies and Diaspora","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12949","display_name":"South Asian Studies and Diaspora","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11507","display_name":"Religion and Society Interactions","score":0.03020000085234642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13894","display_name":"Indian Economic and Social Development","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secularism","display_name":"secularism","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hindu-nationalism","display_name":"Hindu nationalism","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indian-states","display_name":"Indian states","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-discrimination","display_name":"religious discrimination","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affirmative-action","display_name":"affirmative action","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-freedom","display_name":"religious freedom","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sector-employment","display_name":"public sector employees","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-recruitment","display_name":"military recruitment","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hindu-reform-movements","display_name":"Hindu reform movements","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indian-national-congress","display_name":"Indian National Congress","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postcolonial-india","display_name":"postcolonial India","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-neutrality","display_name":"state neutrality","score":0.35100001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11293438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216920","display_name":"Secularism","level":3,"score":0.9462372064590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5553396344184875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3220273554325104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.19080030918121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.1266520917415619}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01436590802528614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590802528614","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590802528614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64122990","display_name":"Third World Quarterly","issn_l":"0143-6597","issn":["0143-6597","1360-2241"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Third World Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:ctwqxx:v:29:y:2008:i:8:p:1545-1562","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01436590802528614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7297000288963318,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238832499","https://openalex.org/W575587510","https://openalex.org/W790973388","https://openalex.org/W4380077396","https://openalex.org/W4412614110","https://openalex.org/W2061466978","https://openalex.org/W138090971","https://openalex.org/W2911473443","https://openalex.org/W2162441667","https://openalex.org/W2979809660"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,132,199,222],"challenges":[2],"the":[3,9,33,44,55,71,97,104,124,131,135,138,146,169,172,181,186,198,204,212,217],"academic":[4,129],"and":[5,49,65,75,88,121,177,192,207,229,233],"media":[6],"consensus":[7],"on":[8,225],"notion":[10,161],"that":[11,134],"India":[12,163,232],"is":[13,47,141,223],"a":[14,28,152,165],"secular":[15],"state.":[16],"It":[17,57],"does":[18,58],"so":[19],"by":[20,60,91,107,151,211],"marshalling":[21],"empirical":[22],"evidence":[23],"that,":[24],"far":[25],"from":[26,41],"being":[27],"state":[29,46,68,92,98,140,167,174,214],"practising":[30],"neutrality":[31],"between":[32,203],"religious":[34,81,109],"affiliations":[35],"of":[36,54,137,148,156,162,171,185,216],"Indian":[37,45,139,213,227],"society":[38],"or":[39,154],"equidistance":[40],"all":[42],"religions,":[43],"actually":[48],"directly":[50],"involved":[51],"in":[52,83,117,123,175,180,219,231],"Hinduisation":[53,136],"country.":[56],"this":[59],"promoting":[61],"Hinduism":[62],"through":[63],"\u2018reform\u2019":[64],"favouritism":[66],"at":[67],"expense.":[69],"While":[70],"constitution":[72],"guarantees":[73],"educational":[74],"cultural":[76,206],"autonomy":[77],"as":[78,80,164,194],"well":[79],"freedom,":[82],"practice":[84],"there":[85],"are":[86,114],"widespread":[87],"systematic":[89],"violations":[90],"institutions.":[93],"In":[94],"public":[95],"employment":[96,208],"follows":[99],"discriminatory":[100,112],"policies":[101,113,120,209],"to":[102,127],"perpetuate":[103],"Hindu":[105,157,166],"majority":[106],"restricting":[108],"freedom.":[110],"The":[111,160,221],"most":[115],"visible":[116],"affirmative":[118],"action":[119],"recruitment":[122],"army.":[125],"Contrary":[126],"some":[128],"writings,":[130],"establishes":[133],"not":[142],"only":[143],"associated":[144],"with":[145],"votaries":[147],"Hindutva":[149],"represented":[150],"\u2018family\u2019,":[153],"parivar,":[155],"militant":[158,182],"groups.":[159],"pre-dates":[168],"creation":[170],"postcolonial":[173],"1947,":[176],"was":[178],"inherent":[179],"right":[183],"wing":[184],"Congress":[187],"Party,":[188],"which":[189],"perceived":[190],"Christians":[191],"Muslims":[193],"foreigners.":[195],"There":[196],"is,":[197],"demonstrates,":[200],"major":[201],"continuity":[202],"educational,":[205],"pursued":[210],"regardless":[215],"party":[218],"power.":[220],"based":[224],"primary":[226],"sources":[228],"interviews":[230],"abroad.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
