{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997485010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/28/10/006","title":"Experimental and theoretical investigation of the gas embedded Z-pinch","display_name":"Experimental and theoretical investigation of the gas embedded Z-pinch","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997485010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/28/10/006","mag":"1997485010"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0029-5515/28/10/006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/28/10/006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/28/10/006","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0029-5515/28/10/006/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133992056","display_name":"Nuclear Fusion","issn_l":"0029-5515","issn":["0029-5515","1741-4326"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nuclear Fusion","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0029-5515/28/10/006/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111735657","display_name":"P. Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8028-8846","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8028-8846"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005798676","display_name":"M. Coppins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Coppins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047331039","display_name":"A. E. Dangor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.E. Dangor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091598255","display_name":"Mario Favre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2146-2920","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2146-2920"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.B. Favre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":{"value":2595,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2595},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.299,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55786781,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"10","first_page":"1771","last_page":"1779"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","score":0.7128999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","score":0.7128999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13769","display_name":"Fusion and Plasma Physics Studies","score":0.08560000360012054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12077","display_name":"Vacuum and Plasma Arcs","score":0.0706000030040741,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-plasma","display_name":"hydrogen plasma","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-pressure-plasma","display_name":"high-pressure plasma","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joule-heating","display_name":"Joule heating","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radial-density-profile","display_name":"radial density profile","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-temperature","display_name":"electron temperature","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutral-gas-density","display_name":"neutral gas density","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shock-waves","display_name":"shock waves","score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/helical-perturbations","display_name":"helical perturbations","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ideal-mhd-stability","display_name":"ideal MHD stability","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-density-profile","display_name":"current density profile","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-cooling","display_name":"plasma cooling","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-x-ray-emission","display_name":"soft X-ray emission","score":0.7129999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14480152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944644","display_name":"Pinch","level":2,"score":0.8372273445129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.7119146585464478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779824264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3141097","display_name":"Z-pinch","level":3,"score":0.6951377987861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.644484281539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125485243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905186","display_name":"Electron density","level":3,"score":0.5568841695785522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4984712600708008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22175881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7201785","display_name":"Electron temperature","level":3,"score":0.48332902789115906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.46132439374923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.4568404257297516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188721877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103510","display_name":"Bar (unit)","level":2,"score":0.44600123167037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512968161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556","display_name":"Hydrogen","level":2,"score":0.41336894035339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3226333260536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.0751347541809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/0029-5515/28/10/006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/28/10/006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/28/10/006","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0029-5515/28/10/006/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133992056","display_name":"Nuclear Fusion","issn_l":"0029-5515","issn":["0029-5515","1741-4326"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nuclear Fusion","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0029-5515/28/10/006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/28/10/006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/28/10/006","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0029-5515/28/10/006/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133992056","display_name":"Nuclear Fusion","issn_l":"0029-5515","issn":["0029-5515","1741-4326"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nuclear Fusion","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1997485010.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1997485010.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179439963","https://openalex.org/W1679947386","https://openalex.org/W1964231445","https://openalex.org/W1980926071","https://openalex.org/W1994542195","https://openalex.org/W1997104332","https://openalex.org/W2057090332","https://openalex.org/W2066201029","https://openalex.org/W2067968487","https://openalex.org/W2071441818","https://openalex.org/W2072075229","https://openalex.org/W2076468405","https://openalex.org/W2091070124","https://openalex.org/W2102160790","https://openalex.org/W3214496573","https://openalex.org/W4232700459"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2315947295","https://openalex.org/W2071441818","https://openalex.org/W1617463061","https://openalex.org/W1667485832","https://openalex.org/W2099748400","https://openalex.org/W1551536502","https://openalex.org/W7001177808","https://openalex.org/W1496765146","https://openalex.org/W7038064658","https://openalex.org/W2405473569"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,30,74,88,165,212,230],"paper":[1],"reports":[2],"observations":[3,89],"of":[4,48,56,61,119,145,185,200,250,263,274,283,285,289],"a":[5,22,44,108,125,137,143,198,225,251],"sub-millimetre":[6],"diameter":[7],"Z-pinch":[8],"discharge":[9],"initiated":[10],"in":[11,64,78,116,124,139],"hydrogen":[12],"gas":[13,71,122],"at":[14,160,174],"high":[15,205],"pressure":[16,38],"(0.33-2":[17],"bar)":[18,176],"and":[19,67,106,149,243],"powered":[20],"by":[21,42,216],"fast":[23],"rising":[24],"current":[25,47,134,254],"(dI/dt":[26],"\u2248":[27],"1":[28,220],"kA\u00b7ns\u22121).":[29],"conditions":[31],"for":[32,271],"heating":[33],"the":[34,57,62,65,68,79,84,93,101,111,120,129,132,180,186,192,204,209,248,261,264,272,275,281,286,290],"pinch":[35,66,80,138,210],"ohmically":[36],"under":[37],"balance":[39],"are":[40,72,233],"established":[41],"using":[43],"small":[45],"preheat":[46,94],"short":[49],"duration":[50],"(5":[51],"kA,":[52],"70":[53],"ns).":[54],"Measurements":[55],"radial":[58,140],"density":[59,123,152,188,206,255],"profiles":[60],"electrons":[63],"surrounding":[69,128,208],"neutral":[70,112,121,201],"presented.":[73],"peak":[75,150,167],"electron":[76,151,168],"temperature":[77,169],"is":[81,98,135,163,177,189,195,214,245,269],"estimated":[82,166],"from":[83,203,224,260],"soft":[85],"X-ray":[86],"emission.":[87],"show":[90],"that":[91,247],"during":[92,191],"phase,":[95],"when":[96],"there":[97],"no":[99],"equilibrium,":[100,141],"plasma":[102],"column":[103],"expands":[104],"radially":[105],"drives":[107],"shock":[109],"into":[110],"gas.":[113],"This":[114,194],"results":[115,232],"an":[117,217],"increase":[118,184],"thin":[126],"layer":[127,207],"pinch.":[130],"When":[131],"main":[133],"applied,":[136],"with":[142,235],"radius":[144],"about":[146,178],"400":[147],"\u03bcm":[148],"on":[153,170,228,238,280],"axis":[154,171],"(2.5":[155],"\u00d7":[156],"10":[157],"24":[158],"m\u22123":[159],"0.33":[161,175],"bar),":[162],"observed.":[164],"(69":[172],"eV":[173],"twice":[179],"Bennett":[181],"temperature.":[182],"An":[183,267],"line":[187],"observed":[190,265],"equilibrium.":[193],"ascribed":[196],"to":[197],"flow":[199],"particles":[202],"column.":[211],"equilibrium":[213],"destroyed":[215],"m":[218,276],"=":[219,277],"instability":[221],"which":[222],"grows":[223],"helical":[226],"perturbation":[227],"axis.":[229],"experimental":[231],"compared":[234],"calculations":[236],"based":[237],"ideal":[239],"MHD":[240],"stability":[241],"theory,":[242],"it":[244],"shown":[246],"existence":[249],"centrally":[252],"peaked":[253],"profile":[256],"can":[257],"be":[258],"inferred":[259],"nature":[262],"instabilities.":[266],"explanation":[268],"offered":[270],"absence":[273],"0":[278],"mode,":[279],"basis":[282],"cooling":[284],"outer":[287],"region":[288],"plasma.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}