{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997478166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/4.9.1055","title":"MHC and malaria: the relationship between HLA class II alleles and immune responses to Plasmodium falciprum","display_name":"MHC and malaria: the relationship between HLA class II alleles and immune responses to Plasmodium falciprum","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997478166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/4.9.1055","mag":"1997478166","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1390436"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/intimm/4.9.1055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/4.9.1055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/4.9.1055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5544371","display_name":"International Immunology","issn_l":"0953-8178","issn":["0953-8178","1460-2377"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055869742","display_name":"E M Riley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. M. Riley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089502578","display_name":"Olle Olerup","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. Olerup","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for BioTechnology, Karolinska Institute Novum, Huddinge, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for BioTechnology, Karolinska Institute Novum, Huddinge, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106668254","display_name":"Stephen Bennett","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Bennett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tropical Health Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tropical Health Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048594663","display_name":"Pamela A. Rowe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Rowe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tropical Health Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tropical Health Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081428683","display_name":"Stephen John Allen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6675-249X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6675-249X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. J. Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086755867","display_name":"Michael J. Blackman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-3810","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-3810"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405285715","display_name":"National Institute for Medical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00146rb91","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801081054","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4405285715","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. J. Blackman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Parasitology, National Institute for Medical Research Mill Hill, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Parasitology, National Institute for Medical Research Mill Hill, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405285715"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083935487","display_name":"Marita Troye\u2010Blomberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2804-0325","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2804-0325"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161593684","display_name":"Stockholm University","ror":"https://ror.org/05f0yaq80","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Troye-Blomberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology, University of Stockholm Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology, University of Stockholm Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076699881","display_name":"Anthony A. Holder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8490-6058","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8490-6058"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405285715","display_name":"National Institute for Medical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00146rb91","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801081054","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4405285715","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. A. Holder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Parasitology, National Institute for Medical Research Mill Hill, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Parasitology, National Institute for Medical Research Mill Hill, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405285715"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027270405","display_name":"Brian M Greenwood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5725-9118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5725-9118"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. M. Greenwood","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3530,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3530},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5431,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95044119,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"9","first_page":"1055","last_page":"1063"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10091","display_name":"Malaria Research and Control","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10091","display_name":"Malaria Research and Control","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12576","display_name":"vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11660","display_name":"Blood groups and transfusion","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hla-class-ii-alleles","display_name":"HLA class II alleles","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria","display_name":"malaria","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasmodium-falciparum","display_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria-vaccine","display_name":"malaria vaccine","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-restriction","display_name":"genetic restriction","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibody-response","display_name":"antibody response","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-gamma","display_name":"interferon-gamma","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-mediated-immunity","display_name":"cell-mediated immunity","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-diversity","display_name":"ethnic diversity","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria-endemic-populations","display_name":"malaria-endemic populations","score":0.43799999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778048844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12156","display_name":"Malaria","level":2,"score":0.7687605023384094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188280979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911125","display_name":"Human leukocyte antigen","level":3,"score":0.6655385494232178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180754005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80726","display_name":"Allele","level":3,"score":0.6594541668891907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.6456151008605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207936829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423163","display_name":"Major histocompatibility complex","level":3,"score":0.565908670425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778814158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959350","display_name":"MHC class II","level":4,"score":0.539313554763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5352635383605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.5172884464263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778675580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614956","display_name":"Plasmodium (life cycle)","level":3,"score":0.4915371835231781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170627219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13218497","display_name":"MHC class I","level":4,"score":0.46837908029556274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.4520416855812073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778371730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311383","display_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","level":3,"score":0.4326171576976776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.4301599860191345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.2220052182674408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.14599159359931946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71928629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q804206","display_name":"Parasite hosting","level":2,"score":0.0947311520576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000483","descriptor_name":"Alleles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000913","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Protozoan","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005802","descriptor_name":"Genes, MHC Class II","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006239","descriptor_name":"Haplotypes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006683","descriptor_name":"HLA-DQ Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006684","descriptor_name":"HLA-DR Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010963","descriptor_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/intimm/4.9.1055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/4.9.1055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/4.9.1055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5544371","display_name":"International Immunology","issn_l":"0953-8178","issn":["0953-8178","1460-2377"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1390436","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1390436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312695","display_name":"Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division","ror":"https://ror.org/02hrqhj53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973813449","https://openalex.org/W2239043818","https://openalex.org/W2417899263","https://openalex.org/W1996868478","https://openalex.org/W594668113","https://openalex.org/W7008084206","https://openalex.org/W2115562155","https://openalex.org/W2051928254","https://openalex.org/W2419422952","https://openalex.org/W2022566745"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"mice,":[1],"immune":[2,51,177,210,222],"responses":[3,165,178,211],"to":[4,85,138,166,212,224,237],"subunits":[5],"of":[6,35,53,77,104,121,136,143,152,173],"defined":[7],"malaria":[8,38,63,74,145,213,241],"antigens":[9,56,168,226],"are":[10],"regulated":[11],"by":[12,191],"genes":[13,49],"mapping":[14],"within":[15],"the":[16,33,122,144,167,171,221],"MHC":[17],"and":[18,50,94,159,179],"it":[19],"has":[20,64],"been":[21,65],"suggested":[22],"that":[23],"such":[24],"genetic":[25,202],"restriction":[26,203],"will":[27],"be":[28,86,189,197],"a":[29,36,58,68,73,139,205,238],"major":[30,206],"obstacle":[31],"in":[32,67,72,97,220,229],"development":[34],"human":[37,45,69,209],"vaccine.":[39],"The":[40,80],"relationship":[41],"between":[42,102,154,176],"class":[43,91,109,156,182,200],"II":[44,92,110,157,183],"leukocyte":[46],"antigen":[47,146],"(HLA)":[48],"recognition":[52],"three":[54],"candidate":[55],"for":[57,89],"vaccine":[59,225,242],"against":[60],"Plasmodium":[61],"falciparum":[62],"investigated":[66],"population":[70,82],"living":[71],"endemic":[75],"area":[76],"West":[78],"Africa.":[79],"study":[81],"was":[83,116,128,149,185],"shown":[84],"extremely":[87],"heterogeneous":[88],"HLA":[90,155,181],"alleles":[93],"marked":[95],"differences":[96],"allelic":[98],"frequency":[99],"were":[100,204],"detected":[101],"members":[103,120],"different":[105,231],"ethnic":[106,124],"groups.":[107],"One":[108],"DQA-DQB":[111],"combination":[112],"(serological":[113],"specificity":[114],"DQw2)":[115],"particularly":[117],"common":[118],"among":[119],"Fula":[123],"group.":[125],"This":[126],"haplotype":[127],"significantly":[129],"associated":[130],"with":[131],"higher":[132],"than":[133,187,195],"average":[134],"levels":[135],"antibody":[137],"peptide":[140],"epitope,":[141],"(EENV)6,":[142],"Pf155/RESA.":[147],"There":[148],"little":[150],"evidence":[151],"association":[153],"genotype":[158],"cellular":[160],"proliferative":[161],"or":[162],"interferon":[163],"gamma":[164],"tested.":[169],"Overall,":[170],"number":[172],"significant":[174],"associations":[175],"specific":[180],"haplotypes":[184],"greater":[186],"would":[188,196],"expected":[190,198],"chance":[192],"but":[193],"less":[194],"if":[199],"II-dependent":[201],"factor":[207],"governing":[208],"antigens.":[214],"Thus,":[215],"although":[216],"some":[217],"qualitative":[218],"variation":[219],"response":[223],"may":[227],"occur":[228],"ethnically":[230],"target":[232],"populations,":[233],"widespread":[234],"HLA-associated":[235],"nonresponsiveness":[236],"multivalent":[239],"subunit":[240],"is":[243],"unlikely.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
