{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997473380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3579250","title":"A simple parallel tandem organic solar cell based on metallophthalocyanines","display_name":"A simple parallel tandem organic solar cell based on metallophthalocyanines","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997473380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3579250","mag":"1997473380"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.3579250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3579250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3579250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105243760","display_name":"Applied Physics Letters","issn_l":"0003-6951","issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118","1520-8842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074829988","display_name":"Avery P. Yuen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159094","display_name":"Xerox (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/04z9w5078","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132870","https://openalex.org/I4210159094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avery P. Yuen","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University 1 Department of Engineering Physics, , 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada","2Xerox Research Centre of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario L5K 2L1, Canada","3Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University 1 Department of Engineering Physics, , 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Xerox Research Centre of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario L5K 2L1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159094"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110100154","display_name":"Ah\u2010Mee Hor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159094","display_name":"Xerox (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/04z9w5078","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132870","https://openalex.org/I4210159094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ah-Mee Hor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xerox Research Centre of Canada 2 , 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario L5K 2L1, Canada","1Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada","3Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xerox Research Centre of Canada 2 , 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario L5K 2L1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159094"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019278252","display_name":"J. S. Prest\u00f3n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1612-1048","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1612-1048"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159094","display_name":"Xerox (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/04z9w5078","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132870","https://openalex.org/I4210159094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John S. Preston","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University 1 Department of Engineering Physics, , 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada","2Xerox Research Centre of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario L5K 2L1, Canada","3Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University 1 Department of Engineering Physics, , 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Xerox Research Centre of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario L5K 2L1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159094"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055170481","display_name":"Richard A. Klenkler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159094","display_name":"Xerox (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/04z9w5078","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132870","https://openalex.org/I4210159094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Klenkler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xerox Research Centre of Canada 2 , 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario L5K 2L1, Canada","1Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada","3Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xerox Research Centre of Canada 2 , 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario L5K 2L1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159094"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087869583","display_name":"Nathan M. Bamsey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159094","display_name":"Xerox (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/04z9w5078","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132870","https://openalex.org/I4210159094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan M. Bamsey","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University 1 Department of Engineering Physics, , 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada","2Xerox Research Centre of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario L5K 2L1, Canada","3Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University 1 Department of Engineering Physics, , 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Xerox Research Centre of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario L5K 2L1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159094"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110132607","display_name":"Rafik O. Loutfy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159094","display_name":"Xerox (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/04z9w5078","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132870","https://openalex.org/I4210159094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafik O. Loutfy","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University 3 Department of Chemical Engineering, , 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada","1Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada","2Xerox Research Centre of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario L5K 2L1, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University 3 Department of Chemical Engineering, , 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Xerox Research Centre of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario L5K 2L1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159094"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8173,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90446537,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"98","issue":"17","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10045","display_name":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10045","display_name":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10903","display_name":"Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10024","display_name":"TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-solar-cells","display_name":"organic solar cells","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallophthalocyanines","display_name":"metallophthalocyanines","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc-phthalocyanine","display_name":"zinc phthalocyanine","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c60","display_name":"C60","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-conversion-efficiency","display_name":"power conversion efficiency","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-quantum-efficiency","display_name":"external quantum efficiency","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-circuit-voltage","display_name":"open-circuit voltage","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-circuit-current","display_name":"short-circuit current","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-infrared-absorption","display_name":"near-infrared absorption","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-response","display_name":"spectral response","score":0.45100000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777814067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752317","display_name":"Tandem","level":2,"score":0.8878132700920105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.6835644841194153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206991015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192704","display_name":"Energy conversion efficiency","level":2,"score":0.6759098172187805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5944503545761108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205507967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900625","display_name":"Quantum efficiency","level":2,"score":0.5921786427497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.5644171237945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125287762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.4716338813304901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57631264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812203","display_name":"Open-circuit voltage","level":3,"score":0.47008728981018066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91614233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472888","display_name":"Organic solar cell","level":3,"score":0.4394261837005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192157962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4087243","display_name":"Bilayer","level":3,"score":0.42693981528282166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780824857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58803","display_name":"Solar cell","level":2,"score":0.4130088984966278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3553837537765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.20915231108665466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09881755709648132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.3579250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3579250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3579250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105243760","display_name":"Applied Physics Letters","issn_l":"0003-6951","issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118","1520-8842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8485000133514404}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969732071","https://openalex.org/W1990176076","https://openalex.org/W2007503104","https://openalex.org/W2016088184","https://openalex.org/W2019598685","https://openalex.org/W2024954708","https://openalex.org/W2037828341","https://openalex.org/W2038577669","https://openalex.org/W2058058233","https://openalex.org/W2084802668","https://openalex.org/W2087018812","https://openalex.org/W2120076758","https://openalex.org/W2170913325","https://openalex.org/W2764886111","https://openalex.org/W6921959463"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034822872","https://openalex.org/W2006633868","https://openalex.org/W2026022966","https://openalex.org/W2062558002","https://openalex.org/W2014042508","https://openalex.org/W2520681902","https://openalex.org/W2734551855","https://openalex.org/W2078726345","https://openalex.org/W2590789459","https://openalex.org/W2091698795"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"simple":[1],"parallel":[2,27,114],"tandem":[3,25,28,115],"solar":[4],"cell":[5],"based":[6],"on":[7],"a":[8,22,34,55,70,88,103],"combination":[9],"of":[10,41,58,64,72,77,87,102,112],"Zn-phthalocyanine":[11],"(Pc)":[12],"and":[13,18,62,79,127],"ClInPc":[14,80],"has":[15],"been":[16],"fabricated":[17],"characterized.":[19],"Compared":[20],"to":[21,94],"traditional":[23],"series":[24],"cell,":[26],"cells":[29],"eliminate":[30],"the":[31,39,59,65,73,82,98,113,123,128],"need":[32],"for":[33],"semitransparent":[35],"recombination":[36],"layer,":[37],"reducing":[38],"complexity":[40],"device":[42,51,107],"fabrication":[43],"while":[44],"still":[45],"providing":[46],"an":[47,119],"excellent":[48],"increase":[49,120],"in":[50,81,121],"performance.":[52],"Results":[53],"show":[54],"realized":[56],"broadening":[57],"spectral":[60],"response":[61],"enhancement":[63],"external":[66],"quantum":[67],"efficiency":[68,101],"as":[69],"result":[71],"complementary":[74],"absorption":[75],"profiles":[76],"ZnPc":[78],"near":[83],"infrared":[84],"region.":[85],"Introduction":[86],"blended":[89],"ClInPc:C60":[90],"layer":[91],"is":[92],"shown":[93],"more":[95],"than":[96],"double":[97],"power":[99],"conversion":[100],"standard":[104],"ZnPc/C60":[105],"bilayer":[106],"(PCE=0.86%).":[108],"The":[109],"enhanced":[110],"performance":[111],"(PCE=1.81%)":[116],"arises":[117],"from":[118],"both":[122],"open":[124],"circuit":[125,130],"voltage":[126],"short":[129],"current.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}