{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997470010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2008.10.005","title":"Professionalism: Evolution of the concept","display_name":"Professionalism: Evolution of the concept","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997470010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2008.10.005","mag":"1997470010","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19524164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2008.10.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2008.10.005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2008.10.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S138083468","display_name":"European Journal of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0953-6205","issn":["0953-6205","1879-0828"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012359335","display_name":"Walther van Mook","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2398-8878","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2398-8878"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800191616","display_name":"Maastricht University Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02d9ce178","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Walther N.K.A. van Mook","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Intensive Care and Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands. w.van.mook@mumc.nl","Department of Medical Education Development and Research, Maastricht University, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht, The Netherlands","Departments of Intensive Care and Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Intensive Care and Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands. w.van.mook@mumc.nl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Education Development and Research, Maastricht University, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Intensive Care and Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018699103","display_name":"Willem S. de Grave","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Willem S. de Grave","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Education Development and Research, Maastricht University, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Education Development and Research, Maastricht University, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108511520","display_name":"Valerie Wass","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerie Wass","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manchester Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manchester Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101545601","display_name":"Helen O\u2019Sullivan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2744-0212","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2744-0212"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helen O'Sullivan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medical Education, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medical Education, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111881359","display_name":"Jan Harm Zwaveling","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800191616","display_name":"Maastricht University Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02d9ce178","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Harm Zwaveling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002275664","display_name":"Lambert Schuwirth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6279-5158","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6279-5158"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lambert W. Schuwirth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Education Development and Research, Maastricht University, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Education Development and Research, Maastricht University, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080296268","display_name":"Cees P. M. van der Vleuten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6802-3119","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6802-3119","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0641-7072"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cees P.M. van der Vleuten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Education Development and Research, Maastricht University, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Education Development and Research, Maastricht University, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012359335"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616","https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"apc_list":{"value":3520,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3520},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.5114,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":115,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98718581,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"e81","last_page":"e84"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12244","display_name":"Healthcare Education and Workforce Issues","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2911","display_name":"Leadership and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12802","display_name":"Competency Development and Evaluation","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professionalism","display_name":"professionalism","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"medical education","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competence-based-training","display_name":"competence-based training","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residency-training","display_name":"residency training","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-curriculum","display_name":"medical curriculum","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resident-assessment","display_name":"resident evaluation","score":0.5529999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8201749920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.6590334177017212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.6515605449676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.5169338583946228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.47897887229919434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.1697031855583191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.14000338315963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0700673758983612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002983","descriptor_name":"Clinical Competence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004501","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004501","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007388","descriptor_name":"Internal Medicine","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007388","descriptor_name":"Internal Medicine","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011364","descriptor_name":"Professional Practice","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011364","descriptor_name":"Professional Practice","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049674","descriptor_name":"History, 21st Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2008.10.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2008.10.005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2008.10.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S138083468","display_name":"European Journal of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0953-6205","issn":["0953-6205","1879-0828"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19524164","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19524164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European journal of internal medicine","raw_type":"Historical Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W174020264","https://openalex.org/W176314509","https://openalex.org/W407161020","https://openalex.org/W1551565994","https://openalex.org/W1977647423","https://openalex.org/W1983493181","https://openalex.org/W1987839738","https://openalex.org/W2011192867","https://openalex.org/W2028470519","https://openalex.org/W2040098371","https://openalex.org/W2045844504","https://openalex.org/W2048919582","https://openalex.org/W2052516674","https://openalex.org/W2079780939","https://openalex.org/W2084024733","https://openalex.org/W2089615332","https://openalex.org/W2093078907","https://openalex.org/W2094805681","https://openalex.org/W2106773159","https://openalex.org/W2112038050","https://openalex.org/W2133483263","https://openalex.org/W2138458622","https://openalex.org/W2164744316","https://openalex.org/W2169613316","https://openalex.org/W2171716496","https://openalex.org/W2182493544","https://openalex.org/W2304731190","https://openalex.org/W2336233077","https://openalex.org/W2337423308","https://openalex.org/W2409196110","https://openalex.org/W2412787430","https://openalex.org/W2483009813","https://openalex.org/W2740589658","https://openalex.org/W2925973294","https://openalex.org/W4245114289","https://openalex.org/W4250871163","https://openalex.org/W4388154345","https://openalex.org/W4388154691","https://openalex.org/W6685976020"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2156744688","https://openalex.org/W1971511844","https://openalex.org/W7097120104","https://openalex.org/W3046666532","https://openalex.org/W7124606681","https://openalex.org/W6923796457","https://openalex.org/W2994059586","https://openalex.org/W2396173653","https://openalex.org/W72815302","https://openalex.org/W3035887882"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
