{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997411074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14640749008401207","title":"How Do Readers Know Where to Look Next? Local Information Distributions Influence Eye Fixations","display_name":"How Do Readers Know Where to Look Next? Local Information Distributions Influence Eye Fixations","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997411074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14640749008401207","mag":"1997411074","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2326490"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/14640749008401207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14640749008401207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14640749008401207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181449","display_name":"The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A","issn_l":"0272-4987","issn":["0272-4987","1464-0740"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067217600","display_name":"Geoffrey Underwood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5697-2106","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5697-2106"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey Underwood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024495258","display_name":"Susan Clews","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan Clews","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061180110","display_name":"John Everatt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3401-9220","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3401-9220"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Everatt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.7861,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":122,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99370889,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"1","first_page":"39","last_page":"65"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-fixations","display_name":"eye fixations","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"reading","score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-recognition","display_name":"word recognition","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixation-location","display_name":"fixation location","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixation-duration","display_name":"fixation duration","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parafoveal-processing","display_name":"parafoveal processing","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-guidance","display_name":"eye guidance","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence-comprehension","display_name":"sentence comprehension","score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-predictability","display_name":"word predictability","score":0.44600000977516174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146249460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914991","display_name":"Fixation (population genetics)","level":3,"score":0.7319855093955994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.49254974722862244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4900263547897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.48539790511131287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.4360429346561432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2586511969566345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.07738211750984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.061798661947250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005403","descriptor_name":"Fixation, Ocular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/14640749008401207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14640749008401207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14640749008401207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181449","display_name":"The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A","issn_l":"0272-4987","issn":["0272-4987","1464-0740"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2326490","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2326490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7699999809265137}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W96989650","https://openalex.org/W124952806","https://openalex.org/W200509275","https://openalex.org/W220443136","https://openalex.org/W651449142","https://openalex.org/W1549196210","https://openalex.org/W1981109146","https://openalex.org/W1984685117","https://openalex.org/W1994486915","https://openalex.org/W1996359725","https://openalex.org/W2010764356","https://openalex.org/W2010851514","https://openalex.org/W2018685028","https://openalex.org/W2019754355","https://openalex.org/W2020797845","https://openalex.org/W2053374418","https://openalex.org/W2081529197","https://openalex.org/W2081816191","https://openalex.org/W2104853691","https://openalex.org/W2150429351","https://openalex.org/W2494087308","https://openalex.org/W2876776336","https://openalex.org/W2886721134","https://openalex.org/W2945365815"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012533602","https://openalex.org/W2150429351","https://openalex.org/W2104853691","https://openalex.org/W7097114367","https://openalex.org/W6944075706","https://openalex.org/W124952806","https://openalex.org/W1997747716","https://openalex.org/W1970851680","https://openalex.org/W2081816191","https://openalex.org/W2980476542"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Skilled":[0],"readers'":[1],"eye":[2,260],"movements":[3],"were":[4,17,32,79],"recorded":[5],"as":[6,53],"they":[7],"inspected":[8],"sentences":[9,16],"in":[10,28,113,164,203,229,252],"preparation":[11],"for":[12,59],"comprehension":[13],"questions.":[14],"The":[15,176],"written":[18],"around":[19],"target":[20],"words":[21,31,49,81,101,172,210,233],"that":[22,29,139],"had":[23,180],"uneven":[24,72],"distributions":[25],"of":[26,47,76,115,118,121,167,189,209,225,232,240,246,254,259],"information,":[27],"the":[30,36,41,64,71,116,125,148,160,165,168,187,207,218,223,226,230,244,247,255],"predictable,":[33],"given":[34,124],"either":[35],"first":[37,126,169,248],"few":[38,43,127,130],"letters":[39],"or":[40,128],"last":[42,129],"letters.":[44,131],"Some":[45],"parts":[46],"these":[48],"can":[50,197],"be":[51,144],"described":[52],"being":[54],"more":[55],"important":[56],"than":[57,163,228],"others":[58],"successful":[60],"word":[61,78,123,227,241],"recognition,":[62],"and":[63,100,105,142,237],"experiments":[65],"asked":[66],"whether":[67],"inspection":[68,204],"patterns":[69],"reflect":[70],"distributions.":[73],"Four":[74],"types":[75],"ten-letter":[77],"used:":[80],"with":[82,88,94,102,211,234],"highly":[83,133],"redundant":[84,90,96,134,212],"endings":[85,91,106,213],"(e.g.":[86,92,98,107],"engagement),":[87],"moderately":[89,95],"repatriate),":[93],"beginnings":[97,104],"superstore),":[99],"informative":[103,235],"amalgamate).":[108],"Redundancy":[109],"was":[110,220,250],"defined":[111],"operationally":[112],"terms":[114],"number":[117],"possible":[119],"completions":[120],"a":[122,181,190,200],"A":[132],"ending":[135],"is":[136],"therefore":[137],"one":[138,153,216],"occurs":[140],"frequently":[141],"cannot":[143],"used":[145],"to":[146,159,186,199,222],"identify":[147],"word.":[149],"Words":[150],"gaining":[151,173,214],"just":[152,215],"fixation":[154,157,170,178,219,249],"received":[155],"this":[156,238],"nearer":[158,221],"word's":[161],"centre":[162],"case":[166,208,231],"upon":[171,243],"two":[174],"fixations.":[175],"single":[177],"also":[179],"longer":[182],"duration,":[183],"giving":[184],"support":[185],"notion":[188],"convenient":[191],"viewing":[192],"location,":[193],"which,":[194],"when":[195],"achieved,":[196],"lead":[198],"net":[201],"saving":[202],"time.":[205],"In":[206],"fixation,":[217],"beginning":[224],"endings,":[236],"influence":[239],"type":[242],"location":[245],"interpreted":[251],"favour":[253],"parafoveal":[256],"processing":[257],"hypothesis":[258],"guidance":[261],"during":[262],"reading.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}