{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997392048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13225.x","title":"Spitzer observations of M33 and the hot star, H ii region connection","display_name":"Spitzer observations of M33 and the hot star, H ii region connection","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997392048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13225.x","mag":"1997392048"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13225.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13225.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13225.x","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/387/1/45/3181502/mnras0387-0045.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195663288","display_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","issn_l":"0035-8711","issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966","1365-8711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/387/1/45/3181502/mnras0387-0045.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112632683","display_name":"Robert H. Rubin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert H. Rubin","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA","Orion Enterprises, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orion Enterprises, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025766906","display_name":"J. P. Simpson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8095-4610","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8095-4610"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I872623138","display_name":"Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/02dxgk712","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I872623138"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janet P. Simpson","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA","SETI Institute, 515 N Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SETI Institute, 515 N Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I872623138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051539645","display_name":"Sean W. J. Colgan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6275-7437","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6275-7437"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean W. J. Colgan","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034768863","display_name":"R. J. Dufour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-3842","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-3842"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reginald J. Dufour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics & Astronomy Department, Rice University, MS 61, Houston, TX 77005-1892, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics & Astronomy Department, Rice University, MS 61, Houston, TX 77005-1892, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051772722","display_name":"Gregory Brunner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Brunner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics & Astronomy Department, Rice University, MS 61, Houston, TX 77005-1892, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics & Astronomy Department, Rice University, MS 61, Houston, TX 77005-1892, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012031933","display_name":"I. A. McNabb","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian A. McNabb","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058123078","display_name":"A. W. A. Pauldrach","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adalbert W. A. Pauldrach","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Munich, Munich D-81679, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Munich, Munich D-81679, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111621980","display_name":"Edwin F. Erickson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin F. Erickson","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015177010","display_name":"Michael Robert Haas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2397-0045","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2397-0045","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1179-1659"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael R. Haas","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081880362","display_name":"R. Citron","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8920-0356","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8920-0356"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert I. Citron","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112632683"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"],"apc_list":{"value":2310,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3046},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1723,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93344289,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"387","issue":"1","first_page":"45","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10477","display_name":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","score":0.6395999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10477","display_name":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","score":0.6395999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.2953999936580658,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10039","display_name":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","score":0.055799998342990875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/m33","display_name":"M33","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/h-ii-regions","display_name":"H II regions","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extragalactic-nebulae","display_name":"extragalactic nebulae","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallicity-gradients","display_name":"metallicity gradients","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galactocentric-distance","display_name":"galactocentric distance","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionization-state","display_name":"ionization state","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/m83","display_name":"M83","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ngc-3603","display_name":"NGC 3603","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ngc-1614","display_name":"NGC 1614","score":0.4099999964237213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9651582837104797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.8598194122314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99465377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217030","display_name":"Metallicity","level":3,"score":0.6798997521400452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.6112702488899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63585750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488","display_name":"Spiral galaxy","level":3,"score":0.5842730402946472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522977591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201953","display_name":"Spitzer Space Telescope","level":3,"score":0.5595145225524902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778042268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11282","display_name":"H II region","level":4,"score":0.4999368190765381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198291218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190382","display_name":"Ionization","level":3,"score":0.4511137306690216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150846664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602306","display_name":"Stars","level":2,"score":0.44954365491867065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26141928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2030382","display_name":"Doubly ionized oxygen","level":4,"score":0.4415156841278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125857072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16744","display_name":"Star formation","level":3,"score":0.3815780282020569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.35662782192230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.31953907012939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96141758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216817","display_name":"Emission spectrum","level":3,"score":0.2722903788089752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.10422095656394958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13225.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13225.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13225.x","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/387/1/45/3181502/mnras0387-0045.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195663288","display_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","issn_l":"0035-8711","issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966","1365-8711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:0804.0828","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/0804.0828","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/0804.0828","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.313.2356","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.313.2356","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/0804.0828v1.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.966.214","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.966.214","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://mnras.oxfordjournals.org/content/387/1/45.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.0804.0828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0804.0828","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0804.0828","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13225.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13225.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13225.x","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/387/1/45/3181502/mnras0387-0045.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195663288","display_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","issn_l":"0035-8711","issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966","1365-8711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309398","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332374","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1997392048.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1997392048.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528170993","https://openalex.org/W1639491943","https://openalex.org/W1843615779","https://openalex.org/W1971009933","https://openalex.org/W1973120086","https://openalex.org/W1979224021","https://openalex.org/W1981918493","https://openalex.org/W1982017213","https://openalex.org/W1988575698","https://openalex.org/W2006958273","https://openalex.org/W2012387554","https://openalex.org/W2014051283","https://openalex.org/W2014783219","https://openalex.org/W2018858432","https://openalex.org/W2020911824","https://openalex.org/W2020995983","https://openalex.org/W2026139016","https://openalex.org/W2034702996","https://openalex.org/W2043065568","https://openalex.org/W2044844566","https://openalex.org/W2047657969","https://openalex.org/W2050996999","https://openalex.org/W2058563248","https://openalex.org/W2061634416","https://openalex.org/W2062243600","https://openalex.org/W2062568635","https://openalex.org/W2063601662","https://openalex.org/W2065478377","https://openalex.org/W2068967919","https://openalex.org/W2072251591","https://openalex.org/W2073949454","https://openalex.org/W2074616329","https://openalex.org/W2074952851","https://openalex.org/W2077525078","https://openalex.org/W2078423504","https://openalex.org/W2086249770","https://openalex.org/W2096471541","https://openalex.org/W2096811498","https://openalex.org/W2114246636","https://openalex.org/W2119950119","https://openalex.org/W2122290635","https://openalex.org/W2125914098","https://openalex.org/W2129776743","https://openalex.org/W2143192129","https://openalex.org/W2152772545","https://openalex.org/W2155475085","https://openalex.org/W2156811398","https://openalex.org/W2158375992","https://openalex.org/W2161137739","https://openalex.org/W2161449264","https://openalex.org/W2165528988","https://openalex.org/W2602705843","https://openalex.org/W2951826828","https://openalex.org/W3099320245","https://openalex.org/W3099662097","https://openalex.org/W3105830534","https://openalex.org/W4300894548"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3136722650","https://openalex.org/W2602705843","https://openalex.org/W2315759414","https://openalex.org/W2047657969","https://openalex.org/W2897509744","https://openalex.org/W2020911824","https://openalex.org/W7099480229","https://openalex.org/W2992653548","https://openalex.org/W107330761","https://openalex.org/W2081897809"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"have":[1,258],"observed":[2,91],"emission":[3],"lines":[4,89],"of":[5,25,66,87,98,133,147,228,250,330,364,373,380,396,408,423,431,467,475],"[S":[6,18],"IV]":[7],"10.51,":[8],"H(7-6)":[9],"12.37,":[10],"[Ne":[11,14],"II]":[12],"12.81,":[13],"III]":[15,19],"15.56":[16],"and":[17,40,121,126,155,173,200,261,269,280,354,377,446],"18.71":[20],"\u03bcm":[21],"in":[22,186,216,266,275,283,317,384],"a":[23,63,95,131,184,247,306,362],"number":[24],"extragalactic":[26],"H":[27,164,255,314,344],"II":[28,165,256,315,345],"regions":[29,257,316],"with":[30,75,79,137,188,220,387,458],"the":[31,43,54,76,80,99,101,106,143,170,217,242,254,292,299,326,388,417,429,468,476],"Spitzer":[32,337],"Space":[33],"Telescope.A":[34],"previous":[35,225],"paper":[36],"presented":[37],"our":[38,51,224,462],"data":[39],"analysis":[41],"for":[42,53,163,240,313,341,361],"substantially":[44],"face-on":[45],"spiral":[46,57],"galaxy":[47,58],"M83.Here":[48],"we":[49,104,167,231],"report":[50],"results":[52],"Local":[55],"Group":[56],"M33.The":[59],"nebulae":[60],"selected":[61],"cover":[62],"wide":[64],"range":[65],"galactocentric":[67],"radii":[68],"(R":[69],"G":[70,140,191,196,204,222],").The":[71],"observations":[72,338,410],"were":[73],"made":[74,460],"Infrared":[77],"Spectrograph":[78],"short":[81],"wavelength,":[82],"high-resolution":[83],"module.The":[84],"above":[85],"set":[86],"five":[88],"is":[90,130,183,212,296,319,334],"cospatially,":[92],"thus":[93],"permitting":[94],"reliable":[96],"comparison":[97],"fluxes.From":[100],"measured":[102],"fluxes,":[103],"determine":[105],"ionic":[107,477],"abundance":[108,407],"ratios":[109,244,478],"including":[110],"Ne":[111,148,152,268,434,440,447,450],"++":[112,119,123,153,158,435,438,441,448,457],"/Ne":[113,124],"+":[114,125,150,451],",":[115,120,151,159,439,445],"S":[116,122,156,160,270,437,443,453,456],"3+":[117,161,444,454],"/S":[118],"find":[127,176,369],"that":[128,181,233,298],"there":[129,182],"correlation":[132],"increasingly":[134],"higher":[135,262,324],"ionization":[136,145,263],"larger":[138],"R":[139,190,221],".By":[141],"sampling":[142],"dominant":[144],"states":[146],"(Ne":[149],")":[154,162],"(S":[157],"regions,":[166],"can":[168],"estimate":[169],"Ne/H,":[171],"S/H":[172],"Ne/S":[174,218,300,310,371,406],"ratios.We":[175],"from":[177,461],"linear":[178],"least-squares":[179],"fits":[180],"decrease":[185],"metallicity":[187,260],"increasing":[189],":":[192],"d":[193,201],"log":[194,202],"(Ne/H)/dR":[195],"=":[197,205],"-0.058\u00b1":[198],"0.014":[199],"(S/H)/dR":[203],"-0.052\u00b1":[206],"0.021":[207],"dex":[208],"kpc":[209],"-1":[210],".There":[211],"no":[213],"apparent":[214],"variation":[215],"ratio":[219,235,301,311,430],".Unlike":[223],"similar":[226],"study":[227],"M83,":[229],"where":[230],"conjectured":[232],"this":[234],"was":[236],"an":[237,405],"upper":[238],"limit,":[239],"M33":[241,318],"derived":[243,312],"are":[245,271,383],"likely":[246],"robust":[248],"indication":[249],"Ne/S.This":[251],"occurs":[252],"because":[253],"lower":[259,390],"than":[264,325],"those":[265],"M83.Both":[267],"primary":[272],"elements":[273],"produced":[274],"\u03b1-chain":[276],"reactions,":[277],"following":[278],"C":[279],"O":[281],"burning":[282],"stars,":[284],"making":[285],"their":[286],"yields":[287],"depend":[288],"very":[289],"little":[290],"on":[291],"stellar":[293,425,470],"metallicity.Thus,":[294],"it":[295],"expected":[297],"remains":[302],"relatively":[303],"constant":[304],"throughout":[305],"galaxy.The":[307],"median":[308,370],"(average)":[309],"16.3":[320],"(16.9),":[321],"just":[322],"slightly":[323],"Orion":[327],"Nebula":[328],"value":[329,395],"14.3.The":[331],"same":[332],"methodology":[333],"applied":[335],"to":[336,415],"recently":[339],"published":[340],"three":[342],"massive":[343],"regions:":[346],"NGC":[347],"3603":[348],"(Milky":[349],"Way),":[350],"30":[351],"Dor":[352],"(LMC)":[353],"N":[355],"66":[356],"(SMC)":[357],"as":[358,360],"well":[359],"group":[363],"blue":[365],"compact":[366],"dwarf":[367],"galaxies.We":[368],"values":[372,382],"14.6,":[374],"11.4,":[375],"10.1,":[376],"14.0,":[378],"respectively.All":[379],"these":[381],"sharp":[385],"contrast":[386],"much":[389],"'canonical',":[391],"but":[392],"controversial,":[393],"solar":[394],"\u223c5.A":[397],"recent":[398],"nucleosynthesis,":[399],"galactic":[400],"chemical":[401],"evolution":[402],"model":[403,472],"predicts":[404],"\u223c9.Our":[409],"may":[411],"also":[412],"be":[413],"used":[414],"test":[416],"predicted":[418],"ionizing":[419],"spectral":[420],"energy":[421],"distribution":[422],"various":[424],"atmosphere":[426,471],"models.We":[427],"compare":[428],"fractional":[432],"ionizations":[433],"/":[436,442,449,455],"versus":[452],"predictions":[459],"photoionization":[463],"models":[464],"using":[465],"several":[466],"state-of-the-art":[469],"grids.The":[473],"trends":[474],"established":[479]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}