{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997385702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/stech.v3i3.1","title":"Biogas and Solar Energy Use in Rural Institutions in Southern Province, Rwanda","display_name":"Biogas and Solar Energy Use in Rural Institutions in Southern Province, Rwanda","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997385702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/stech.v3i3.1","mag":"1997385702"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/stech.v3i3.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/stech.v3i3.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/stech.v3i3.1","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/stech/article/download/110214/100742","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765048638","display_name":"AFRREV STECH An International Journal of Science and Technology","issn_l":"2225-8612","issn":["2225-8612","2227-5444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/stech/article/download/110214/100742","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113699136","display_name":"Th\u00e9oneste Muhizi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9905-1315","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9905-1315"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087849","display_name":"University of Rwanda","ror":"https://ror.org/00286hs46","country_code":"RW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849"]}],"countries":["RW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T Muhizi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institutions in Southern Province , Rwanda","School of Pure and Applied Science University of Rwanda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institutions in Southern Province , Rwanda","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pure and Applied Science University of Rwanda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038739993","display_name":"Emmanuel Twarabamenye","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087849","display_name":"University of Rwanda","ror":"https://ror.org/00286hs46","country_code":"RW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849"]}],"countries":["RW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Twarabamenye","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pure and Applied Science University of Rwanda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pure and Applied Science University of Rwanda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044937438","display_name":"Fidel Ndahayo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087849","display_name":"University of Rwanda","ror":"https://ror.org/00286hs46","country_code":"RW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849"]}],"countries":["RW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Ndahayo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pure and Applied Science University of Rwanda &"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pure and Applied Science University of Rwanda &","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081571551","display_name":"Alphonse Hakizimana","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087849","display_name":"University of Rwanda","ror":"https://ror.org/00286hs46","country_code":"RW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849"]}],"countries":["RW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Hakizimana","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pure and Applied Science University of Rwanda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pure and Applied Science University of Rwanda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113699136"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.223,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59803556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11336","display_name":"Energy and Environment Impacts","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11336","display_name":"Energy and Environment Impacts","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12271","display_name":"Renewable energy and sustainable power systems","score":0.009700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12503","display_name":"Social Acceptance of Renewable Energy","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biogas","display_name":"biogas","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-energy","display_name":"solar energy","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-institutions","display_name":"rural institutions","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy-adoption","display_name":"renewable energy adoption","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooking-energy","display_name":"cooking energy","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lighting","display_name":"lighting","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-finance","display_name":"energy financing","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-awareness-campaigns","display_name":"public awareness campaigns","score":0.7300000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75212476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171076","display_name":"Biogas","level":2,"score":0.7658500075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6492171287536621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6161935925483704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776545233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064858","display_name":"Desk","level":2,"score":0.5872974395751953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.5676347017288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.41809308528900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.3251851797103882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.20138266682624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17241758108139038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13209030032157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4314/stech.v3i3.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/stech.v3i3.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/stech.v3i3.1","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/stech/article/download/110214/100742","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765048638","display_name":"AFRREV STECH An International Journal of Science and Technology","issn_l":"2225-8612","issn":["2225-8612","2227-5444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/stech.v3i3.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/stech.v3i3.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/stech.v3i3.1","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/stech/article/download/110214/100742","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765048638","display_name":"AFRREV STECH An International Journal of Science and Technology","issn_l":"2225-8612","issn":["2225-8612","2227-5444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9853000044822693},{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.75},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4943999946117401}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5899999737739563}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307875","display_name":"Styrelsen f\u00f6r Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete","ror":"https://ror.org/01fn7me06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317483","display_name":"University of Rwanda","ror":"https://ror.org/00286hs46"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1997385702.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1997385702.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584306744","https://openalex.org/W1989461179","https://openalex.org/W2035126781","https://openalex.org/W2149752160","https://openalex.org/W2186458165","https://openalex.org/W2530728579","https://openalex.org/W2889279666","https://openalex.org/W3211689342"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032830291","https://openalex.org/W2023355341","https://openalex.org/W2390832629","https://openalex.org/W2036958295","https://openalex.org/W3047644844","https://openalex.org/W2751328600","https://openalex.org/W2178468011","https://openalex.org/W4312262200","https://openalex.org/W4285136450","https://openalex.org/W2485488811"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"Rwanda,":[1,67,196],"85%":[2],"of":[3,19,22,37,62,104,114,121,126,151,159,167,186],"primary":[4],"energy":[5,23,26,63,79,152,170],"comes":[6],"from":[7],"biomass.":[8],"To":[9],"alleviate":[10],"this":[11],"huge":[12],"dependence,":[13],"the":[14,35,38,119,123,135,165],"Government":[15],"banks":[16],"on":[17,118,164],"use":[18,36],"alternative":[20],"sources":[21,40,61,125],"prioritising":[24],"solar":[25,191,200],"and":[27,54,80,86,94,111,128,177,189],"biogas":[28,81,193],"in":[29,41,45,66,108,149],"rural":[30,43,71],"areas.":[31],"This":[32],"paper":[33],"analyses":[34],"two":[39,124],"45":[42],"institutions":[44,72,160],"Southern":[46,197],"Province,":[47],"using":[48,122,168],"data":[49],"collected":[50],"through":[51],"desk":[52],"study":[53],"survey.":[55],"The":[56],"research":[57],"reveals":[58],"that":[59],"these":[60,169],"are":[64,73,82,141],"known":[65],"but":[68],"very":[69],"few":[70],"equipped":[74,98],"with":[75,99],"such":[76,100],"systems.":[77],"Solar":[78],"used":[83],"for":[84,157],"lighting":[85],"cooking":[87],"respectively.":[88],"Their":[89],"adoption":[90],"is":[91],"still":[92],"government":[93,136],"NGOs":[95],"driven.":[96],"Institutions":[97],"systems":[101],"experience":[102],"lack":[103],"skilled":[105],"technicians":[106,184],"resulting":[107],"poor":[109],"maintenance":[110],"malfunctioning.":[112],"Lack":[113],"funds,":[115],"little":[116],"insight":[117],"advantages":[120,166],"energy,":[127,201],"existing":[129],"financial":[130],"facilities":[131],"set":[132,175],"up":[133,176],"by":[134],"to":[137,144,161,182],"promote":[138],"their":[139,145],"dissemination":[140],"major":[142],"obstacles":[143],"adoption.":[146],"Therefore,":[147],"departments":[148],"charge":[150],"should":[153,173],"organise":[154],"awareness":[155],"campaign":[156],"heads":[158],"inform":[162],"them":[163],"sources.":[171],"They":[172],"also":[174],"run":[178],"specific":[179],"training":[180],"programmes":[181],"avail":[183],"capable":[185],"installing,":[187],"operating":[188],"maintaining":[190],"or":[192],"power":[194],"systems.Keywords:":[195],"province,":[198],"biogas,":[199],"uses,":[202],"constraints.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
