{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997357335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cep/byh005","title":"Oil Prices, Terms of Trade Shocks, and Macroeconomic Fluctuations in Saudi Arabia","display_name":"Oil Prices, Terms of Trade Shocks, and Macroeconomic Fluctuations in Saudi Arabia","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997357335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cep/byh005","mag":"1997357335"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/cep/byh005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cep/byh005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cep/byh005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185930956","display_name":"Contemporary Economic Policy","issn_l":"1074-3529","issn":["1074-3529","1465-7287"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Contemporary Economic Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071441472","display_name":"Sel Diboo\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3865-5868","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3865-5868"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sel Diboo\u011flu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diboog\u0306lu: Associate Professor, Department of Economics, SIUC Mail Code 4515, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-4515. Phone 1-618-453-5075,","Diboo\u011flu: Associate Professor, Department of Economics, SIUC Mail Code 4515, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901\u20104515. Phone 1\u2010618\u2010453\u20105075, Fax 1\u2010618\u2010453\u20102717,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diboog\u0306lu: Associate Professor, Department of Economics, SIUC Mail Code 4515, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-4515. Phone 1-618-453-5075,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diboo\u011flu: Associate Professor, Department of Economics, SIUC Mail Code 4515, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901\u20104515. Phone 1\u2010618\u2010453\u20105075, Fax 1\u2010618\u2010453\u20102717,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020403739","display_name":"Eisa A. Aleisa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28513355","display_name":"Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/02a0n8d86","country_code":"SA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28513355"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eisa Aleisa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aleisa: Economic Adviser, Research and Statistics Department, Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, P.O. Box 2992, Riyadh, 11169, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Phone 966\u20101\u2010463\u20103000, Fax 966\u20101\u2010466\u20102439,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aleisa: Economic Adviser, Research and Statistics Department, Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, P.O. Box 2992, Riyadh, 11169, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Phone 966\u20101\u2010463\u20103000, Fax 966\u20101\u2010466\u20102439,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28513355"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020403739","https://openalex.org/A5071441472"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I28513355"],"apc_list":{"value":2970,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2970},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6029,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88012749,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"50","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11059","display_name":"Market Dynamics and Volatility","score":0.8140000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11059","display_name":"Market Dynamics and Volatility","score":0.8140000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.1793999969959259,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-prices","display_name":"oil prices","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terms-of-trade-shocks","display_name":"terms of trade shocks","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-cycles","display_name":"business cycles","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saudi-arabia","display_name":"Saudi Arabia","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-exchange-rate","display_name":"real exchange rate","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/price-level","display_name":"price level","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balance-of-payments","display_name":"balance of payments","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate-demand-shocks","display_name":"aggregate demand shocks","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-shocks","display_name":"supply shocks","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-balance","display_name":"trade balance","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-diversification","display_name":"economic diversification","score":0.7749999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.8525893092155457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776988154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66100","display_name":"Exchange rate","level":2,"score":0.6984156370162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22674136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192796","display_name":"Balance of trade","level":2,"score":0.6558851003646851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133029050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q385593","display_name":"Vector autoregression","level":2,"score":0.6304936408996582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992790879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q385593","display_name":"Structural vector autoregression","level":3,"score":0.6277243494987488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109948328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140845","display_name":"Balance of payments","level":2,"score":0.5845799446105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984556133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q297279","display_name":"Oil price","level":2,"score":0.5557156801223755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203379541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801078","display_name":"Aggregate demand","level":3,"score":0.5162796378135681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779685004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570293","display_name":"Terms of trade","level":2,"score":0.5134678483009338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.5107359886169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.35407310724258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126285488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178476","display_name":"Monetary policy","level":2,"score":0.30304813385009766}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/cep/byh005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cep/byh005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cep/byh005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185930956","display_name":"Contemporary Economic Policy","issn_l":"1074-3529","issn":["1074-3529","1465-7287"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Contemporary Economic Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.48510000109672546}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W222788414","https://openalex.org/W1498915053","https://openalex.org/W1989855812","https://openalex.org/W2012657629","https://openalex.org/W2027112662","https://openalex.org/W2045564168","https://openalex.org/W2079202026","https://openalex.org/W2097241502","https://openalex.org/W2131733003","https://openalex.org/W2161919628","https://openalex.org/W3124392177","https://openalex.org/W3124439370","https://openalex.org/W3141830910"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411063937","https://openalex.org/W4403986623","https://openalex.org/W579579464","https://openalex.org/W4213344443","https://openalex.org/W1984592510","https://openalex.org/W4387093303","https://openalex.org/W7217440808","https://openalex.org/W4367052548","https://openalex.org/W2034021880","https://openalex.org/W7220560673"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,54],"article":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,35,39,58,99],"sources":[4],"of":[5,27,43,47,76,83],"macroeconomic":[6,31],"fluctuations":[7],"in":[8,25],"Saudi":[9,36,59,80,103],"Arabia":[10,104],"using":[11],"structural":[12],"vector":[13],"autoregression":[14],"methods":[15],"and":[16,23,51,66,91,98,112],"pays":[17],"particular":[18],"attention":[19],"to":[20,34,67,74,106],"oil":[21,118],"prices":[22],"changes":[24],"terms":[26,42,75,82],"trade.":[28],"Using":[29],"a":[30,68,115],"model":[32],"tailored":[33],"Arabian":[37,60,81],"economy,":[38],"authors":[40],"identify":[41],"trade,":[44],"supply,":[45],"balance":[46],"payments,":[48],"aggregate":[49,92],"demand,":[50],"monetary":[52],"shocks.":[53,78,94],"results":[55],"show":[56],"that":[57],"price":[61],"level,":[62],"real":[63,100],"exchange":[64,101],"rate,":[65,102],"lesser":[69],"extent":[70],"output":[71,97],"is":[72],"vulnerable":[73],"trade":[77,84,89],"Moreover,":[79],"are":[85],"driven":[86],"by":[87],"output,":[88],"balance,":[90],"demand":[93],"To":[95],"stabilize":[96],"ought":[105],"continue":[107],"diversifying":[108],"its":[109],"production":[110],"base":[111],"aim":[113],"for":[114],"stable":[116],"nominal":[117],"price.":[119],"(JEL":[120],"E32,":[121],"Q43,":[122],"C22)":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}