{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997348910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1691901","title":"Magnetic Annular Arc-Driven Shock Tube","display_name":"Magnetic Annular Arc-Driven Shock Tube","publication_year":1968,"publication_date":"1968-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997348910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1691901","mag":"1997348910"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.1691901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1691901","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1691901","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230268","display_name":"The Physics of Fluids","issn_l":"0031-9171","issn":["0031-9171","2163-4998"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320061","host_organization_name":"AIP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320061","https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AIP Publishing","American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Physics of Fluids","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012124335","display_name":"Arthur M. Schneiderman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891794","display_name":"Avco (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04neq5659","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388891794","https://openalex.org/I44619346"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arthur M. Schneiderman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Avco Everett Research Laboratory, Everett, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Avco Everett Research Laboratory, Everett, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891794"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112179692","display_name":"Evan R. Pugh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891794","display_name":"Avco (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04neq5659","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388891794","https://openalex.org/I44619346"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evan R. Pugh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Avco Everett Research Laboratory, Everett, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Avco Everett Research Laboratory, Everett, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891794"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113599818","display_name":"Richard M. Patrick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891794","display_name":"Avco (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04neq5659","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388891794","https://openalex.org/I44619346"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard M. Patrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Avco Everett Research Laboratory, Everett, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Avco Everett Research Laboratory, Everett, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891794"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891794"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3914,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85137715,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"278","last_page":"294"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11920","display_name":"Pulsed Power Technology Applications","score":0.5663999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11920","display_name":"Pulsed Power Technology Applications","score":0.5663999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12077","display_name":"Vacuum and Plasma Arcs","score":0.4162999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12699","display_name":"Electromagnetic Launch and Propulsion Technology","score":0.009800000116229057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-loss","display_name":"radiation loss","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling-laws","display_name":"scaling laws","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spacecraft-propulsion","display_name":"spacecraft propulsion","score":0.8159999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.6083223223686218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83415579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161973","display_name":"Arc (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5490489602088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781300812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178061","display_name":"Shock (circulatory)","level":2,"score":0.5364673137664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5322373509407043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122881758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2352496","display_name":"Shock tube","level":3,"score":0.5320718288421631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89395315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181232","display_name":"Anode","level":3,"score":0.4989590644836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.45285820960998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.4333394765853882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.3845694661140442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3640543818473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3551456332206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3355976939201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70477161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190688","display_name":"Shock wave","level":2,"score":0.2720336318016052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.22933006286621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15567848086357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11954790353775024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.1691901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1691901","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1691901","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230268","display_name":"The Physics of Fluids","issn_l":"0031-9171","issn":["0031-9171","2163-4998"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320061","host_organization_name":"AIP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320061","https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AIP Publishing","American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Physics of Fluids","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:AD0807719","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&amp;verb=getRecord&amp;metadataPrefix=html&amp;identifier=AD0807719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923043","display_name":"Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"DTIC AND NTIS","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970166250","https://openalex.org/W1988048743","https://openalex.org/W2041393858","https://openalex.org/W2044245010","https://openalex.org/W2055193716","https://openalex.org/W2057979488","https://openalex.org/W2070207652","https://openalex.org/W2094139957","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W300163968","https://openalex.org/W2037384747","https://openalex.org/W2057100222","https://openalex.org/W7064303813","https://openalex.org/W2025190985","https://openalex.org/W1970166250","https://openalex.org/W2019933766","https://openalex.org/W2138580349","https://openalex.org/W1973993709","https://openalex.org/W2051799731"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,63],"production":[1],"of":[2,107,116,130,137],"high-speed":[3],"shocks":[4],"in":[5,41,44,71,128,143,166],"shock":[6,97,126],"tubes":[7],"has":[8,67],"been":[9],"limited":[10],"to":[11,36,57,180],"levels":[12],"below":[13],"1.3":[14],"cm/\u03bcsec":[15,132],"by":[16,31],"excessive":[17],"radiation":[18,60],"from":[19],"the":[20,33,46,59,122,150,155,173],"initially":[21],"stagnant":[22],"arc-heated":[23],"driver":[24,39,89,123],"gas.":[25],"This":[26],"limitation":[27],"can":[28],"be":[29],"removed":[30],"adding":[32],"required":[34],"energy":[35],"a":[37,42,52,85,93,114,134],"flowing":[38],"gas":[40,124],"device":[43],"which":[45],"static":[47],"temperature":[48],"is":[49],"maintained":[50],"at":[51,102,113,172],"sufficiently":[53],"low":[54],"level":[55,106],"as":[56,121],"keep":[58],"losses":[61],"small.":[62],"magnetic":[64,86,156],"annular":[65,87,157],"arc":[66,88,158],"demonstrated":[68],"such":[69],"capabilities":[70],"applications":[72,168],"for":[73,92,110,154],"space":[74],"propulsion":[75],"and":[76,99,125,161,176],"solar":[77],"wind":[78],"simulation.":[79],"Based":[80],"on":[81],"this":[82,181],"past":[83],"experience,":[84],"was":[90,100,119,146],"constructed":[91],"38.1-mm":[94],"(1.5":[95],"in.)":[96],"tube":[98],"operated":[101],"an":[103],"average":[104],"power":[105],"200":[108],"MW":[109],"50":[111],"\u03bcsec":[112,140],"voltage":[115,160],"1kV.":[117],"Helium":[118],"used":[120],"speeds":[127],"excess":[129],"2":[131],"with":[133],"test":[135],"time":[136],"approximately":[138],"5":[139],"were":[141],"obtained":[142],"air.":[144],"It":[145],"also":[147],"determined":[148],"that":[149],"empirical":[151],"scaling":[152],"relations":[153],"operating":[159],"anode":[162],"heat":[163],"transfer":[164],"observed":[165],"earlier":[167],"are":[169],"still":[170],"applicable":[171],"higher-power":[174],"densities":[175],"mass":[177],"flows":[178],"appropriate":[179],"experiment.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
