{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997307417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1397-y","title":"Evaluation of the integrated disease surveillance and response system for infectious diseases control in northern Ghana","display_name":"Evaluation of the integrated disease surveillance and response system for infectious diseases control in northern Ghana","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997307417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1397-y","mag":"1997307417","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25648630","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4331174"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1397-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1397-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1397-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12889-015-1397-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12889-015-1397-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073420755","display_name":"Martin Nyaaba Adokiya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0167-5512","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0167-5512"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83291730","display_name":"University for Development Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/052nhnq73","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83291730"]}],"countries":["DE","GH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martin Nyaaba Adokiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana. nyaaba1979@yahoo.com","Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany. nyaaba1979@yahoo.com","Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana","Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana. nyaaba1979@yahoo.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83291730"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany. nyaaba1979@yahoo.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83291730"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021235478","display_name":"John Koku Awoonor\u2010Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1094-8212","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1094-8212"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159584","display_name":"Ghana Health Service","ror":"https://ror.org/052ss8w32","country_code":"GH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111406484","https://openalex.org/I4210159584"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Koku Awoonor-Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghana Health Service, Upper East Regional Directorate, Bolgatanga, Ghana. kawoonor@gmail.com","Ghana Health Service, Upper East Regional Directorate, Bolgatanga, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghana Health Service, Upper East Regional Directorate, Bolgatanga, Ghana. kawoonor@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghana Health Service, Upper East Regional Directorate, Bolgatanga, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007590853","display_name":"Inuwa Yau Barau","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158102","display_name":"National Primary Health Care Development Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/05j78sg27","country_code":"NG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I233171062","https://openalex.org/I4210158102"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inuwa Yau Barau","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria. inuwabarau@yahoo.com","National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria. inuwabarau@yahoo.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158102"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020800295","display_name":"Claudia Beiersmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7720-7769","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7720-7769"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Beiersmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany. beiersmann@uni-heidelberg.de","Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany. beiersmann@uni-heidelberg.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037125107","display_name":"Olaf Mueller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olaf Mueller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany. olaf.mueller@urz.uni-heidelberg.de","Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany. olaf.mueller@urz.uni-heidelberg.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073420755"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909","https://openalex.org/I83291730"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":4.2676,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94427566,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"75","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14093","display_name":"Global Health and Epidemiology","score":0.006899999920278788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-disease-surveillance-and-response","display_name":"Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-disease-surveillance","display_name":"infectious disease surveillance","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northern-ghana","display_name":"Northern Ghana","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-east-region","display_name":"Upper East Region","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria","display_name":"malaria","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-aids","display_name":"HIV/AIDS","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholera","display_name":"cholera","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meningitis","display_name":"meningitis","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poliomyelitis","display_name":"poliomyelitis","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guinea-worm","display_name":"guinea worm","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surveillance-data-quality","display_name":"surveillance data quality","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laboratory-capacity","display_name":"laboratory capacity","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-supervision","display_name":"health supervision","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-control","display_name":"disease control","score":0.5529999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.859337568283081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776480101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3555250","display_name":"Disease surveillance","level":3,"score":0.7155018448829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.6589106321334839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.6282793283462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140556311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214746","display_name":"Biostatistics","level":3,"score":0.5983032584190369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4870876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12195","display_name":"Poliomyelitis","level":2,"score":0.5692910552024841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776361769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q821775","display_name":"Public health surveillance","level":3,"score":0.4968014061450958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.47120851278305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4574607312679291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3279787302017212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.07606467604637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000349","descriptor_name":"Africa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003140","descriptor_name":"Communicable Disease Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005869","descriptor_name":"Ghana","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007407","descriptor_name":"Interviews as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011159","descriptor_name":"Population Surveillance","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011634","descriptor_name":"Public Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015397","descriptor_name":"Program Evaluation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018511","descriptor_name":"Systems Integration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D036301","descriptor_name":"Qualitative Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1397-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1397-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1397-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12889-015-1397-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3296288","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4331174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4331174","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4331174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:25648630","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25648630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/1a0yj-nqd35","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/1a0yj-nqd35","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/1a0yj-nqd35","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/r5g2j-0h765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/r5g2j-0h765","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/r5g2j-0h765","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1397-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1397-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1397-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12889-015-1397-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9922999739646912,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5217000246047974,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1997307417.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1997307417.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W322029019","https://openalex.org/W581249100","https://openalex.org/W1738376380","https://openalex.org/W1967798086","https://openalex.org/W1968818450","https://openalex.org/W1969072101","https://openalex.org/W1974193099","https://openalex.org/W1987521899","https://openalex.org/W2005519248","https://openalex.org/W2013294005","https://openalex.org/W2021217681","https://openalex.org/W2042030257","https://openalex.org/W2044579012","https://openalex.org/W2058993674","https://openalex.org/W2061338770","https://openalex.org/W2066858827","https://openalex.org/W2083758798","https://openalex.org/W2085486364","https://openalex.org/W2094548435","https://openalex.org/W2096241709","https://openalex.org/W2114862397","https://openalex.org/W2118089723","https://openalex.org/W2133462128","https://openalex.org/W2133475470","https://openalex.org/W2138136155","https://openalex.org/W2139413212","https://openalex.org/W2156746038","https://openalex.org/W2157994142","https://openalex.org/W2167470445","https://openalex.org/W2616232957","https://openalex.org/W2618286823","https://openalex.org/W2724752610","https://openalex.org/W2793593056","https://openalex.org/W3144231438"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2339177153","https://openalex.org/W1718437117","https://openalex.org/W4401537652","https://openalex.org/W2781768013","https://openalex.org/W3120719565","https://openalex.org/W2187053434","https://openalex.org/W2792848140","https://openalex.org/W3020900849","https://openalex.org/W2485897861","https://openalex.org/W2813512099"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Well-functioning":[1],"surveillance":[2],"systems":[3],"are":[4],"crucial":[5],"for":[6,25,99,116,123,256,264,306,317],"effective":[7],"disease":[8,155],"control":[9],"programs.":[10],"The":[11,61,175,274],"Integrated":[12,67],"Disease":[13,68],"Surveillance":[14,69],"and":[15,21,33,70,87,97,102,108,122,137,180,187,196,211,215,235,244,270,297,307,315],"Response":[16,71],"(IDSR)":[17,72],"strategy":[18],"was":[19,63,79,151,182,232],"developed":[20],"adopted":[22,36],"in":[23,41,74,156,184,205,238],"1998":[24],"Africa":[26],"as":[27],"a":[28,217],"comprehensive":[29],"public":[30],"health":[31,139],"approach":[32],"subsequently,":[34],"Ghana":[35],"the":[37,45,51,66,113,117,142,145,152,209,220,224,233,252,257,278,284,293,310],"IDSR":[38,46,89,281,311],"technical":[39],"guidelines":[40],"2002.":[42],"Since":[43],"2012,":[44],"data":[47,90,287,299],"is":[48,289,313],"reported":[49,172,183,204,221,239,288],"through":[50],"new":[52],"District":[53],"Health":[54],"Information":[55],"Management":[56],"System":[57],"II":[58],"(DHIMS2)":[59],"network.":[60],"objective":[62],"to":[64,164,301],"evaluate":[65],"system":[73,312],"northern":[75],"Ghana.":[76],"METHODS:":[77],"This":[78,247],"an":[80,159],"observational":[81],"study":[82],"using":[83],"mixed":[84],"methods.":[85],"Weekly":[86],"monthly":[88,245,298],"on":[91,141],"selected":[92],"infectious":[93],"diseases":[94,226],"were":[95,133,171,203,227,261],"downloaded":[96],"analyzed":[98],"2011,":[100],"2012":[101,185],"2013":[103],"(the":[104],"years":[105],"before,":[106],"of":[107,126,144,178,194,200,208,219,223,280,286],"after":[109],"DHIMS2":[110,114,275],"implementation)":[111],"from":[112],"databank":[115],"Upper":[118],"East":[119],"Region":[120],"(UER)":[121],"two":[124],"districts":[125],"UER.":[127],"In":[128],"addition,":[129],"key":[130],"informant":[131],"interviews":[132],"conducted":[134],"among":[135],"local":[136],"regional":[138],"officers":[140],"functioning":[143],"IDSR.":[146],"RESULTS:":[147],"Clinically":[148],"diagnosed":[149],"malaria":[150],"most":[153],"prevalent":[154],"UER,":[157],"with":[158],"annual":[160],"incidence":[161,177],"rate":[162],"close":[163],"1.":[165],"Around":[166],"500":[167],"suspected":[168,192,198],"HIV/AIDS":[169],"cases":[170,189,193,214,222,240],"each":[173],"year.":[174],"highest":[176],"cholera":[179],"meningitis":[181],"(257":[186],"392":[188],"respectively).":[190],"Three":[191],"polio":[195,210],"one":[197],"case":[199],"guinea":[201,212],"worm":[202,213],"2013.":[206],"None":[207],"only":[216],"fraction":[218],"other":[225],"confirmed.":[228],"A":[229],"major":[230],"observation":[231],"large":[234],"inconclusive":[236],"difference":[237],"when":[241],"comparing":[242],"weekly":[243,296],"reports.":[246],"can":[248],"be":[249,302],"explained":[250],"by":[251],"different":[253],"reporting":[254],"practice":[255],"sub-systems.":[258],"Other":[259],"challenges":[260],"low":[262],"priority":[263],"surveillance,":[265],"ill-equipped":[266],"laboratories,":[267],"rare":[268],"supervision":[269],"missing":[271],"feedback.":[272],"CONCLUSIONS:":[273],"has":[276],"improved":[277],"availability":[279],"reports,":[282],"but":[283],"quality":[285],"not":[290],"sufficient.":[291],"Particularly":[292],"inconsistencies":[294],"between":[295],"need":[300],"addressed.":[303],"Moreover,":[304],"support":[305],"communication":[308],"within":[309],"inadequate":[314],"calls":[316],"attention.":[318]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
