{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997292933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02074","title":"Direct observation of Tomonaga\u2013Luttinger-liquid state in carbon nanotubes at low temperatures","display_name":"Direct observation of Tomonaga\u2013Luttinger-liquid state in carbon nanotubes at low temperatures","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997292933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02074","mag":"1997292933","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14654836"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/nature02074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02074","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103473573","display_name":"Hiroyoshi Ishii","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69740276","display_name":"Tokyo Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ws30h19","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroyoshi Ishii","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Ohsawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Ohsawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015623129","display_name":"Hiromichi Kataura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4777-0622","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4777-0622"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69740276","display_name":"Tokyo Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ws30h19","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hiromichi Kataura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Ohsawa 1-1, Hachioji, 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan","Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Ohsawa 1-1, Hachioji, 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009624172","display_name":"Hidetsugu Shiozawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0603-2508","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0603-2508"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69740276","display_name":"Tokyo Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ws30h19","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hidetsugu Shiozawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Ohsawa 1-1, Hachioji, 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan","Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Ohsawa 1-1, Hachioji, 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110090241","display_name":"Hideo Yoshioka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98885092","display_name":"Nara Women's University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzadn81","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405286766","https://openalex.org/I98885092"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hideo Yoshioka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Nara Women's University, Nara, 630-8506, Japan","Department of Physics, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Nara Women's University, Nara, 630-8506, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98885092"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98885092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hideo Otsubo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69740276","display_name":"Tokyo Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ws30h19","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hideo Otsubo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Ohsawa 1-1, Hachioji, 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan","Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Ohsawa 1-1, Hachioji, 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059189769","display_name":"Yasuhiro Takayama","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69740276","display_name":"Tokyo Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ws30h19","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasuhiro Takayama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Ohsawa 1-1, Hachioji, 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan","Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Ohsawa 1-1, Hachioji, 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049892546","display_name":"Tsuneaki Miyahara","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69740276","display_name":"Tokyo Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ws30h19","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsuneaki Miyahara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Ohsawa 1-1, Hachioji, 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan","Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Ohsawa 1-1, Hachioji, 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103376635","display_name":"Shinzo Suzuki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69740276","display_name":"Tokyo Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ws30h19","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shinzo Suzuki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Ohsawa 1-1, Hachioji, 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan","Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Ohsawa 1-1, Hachioji, 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084097798","display_name":"Yohji Achiba","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69740276","display_name":"Tokyo Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ws30h19","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yohji Achiba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Ohsawa 1-1, Hachioji, 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan","Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Ohsawa 1-1, Hachioji, 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026313221","display_name":"Masashi Nakatake","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7368-0049","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7368-0049"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138728355","display_name":"High Energy Accelerator Research Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01g5y5k24","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I138728355"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405285726","display_name":"Photon Factory","ror":"https://ror.org/001xg8t51","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I138728355","https://openalex.org/I4389425390","https://openalex.org/I4405285726"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masashi Nakatake","raw_affiliation_strings":["Photon Factory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, 305-0801, Japan","Photon Factory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Photon Factory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, 305-0801, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138728355","https://openalex.org/I4405285726"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Photon Factory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138728355","https://openalex.org/I4405285726"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073130963","display_name":"Takamasa Narimura","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113306721","display_name":"Hiroshima University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t78wx29","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takamasa Narimura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan","Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi\u2010Hiroshima, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi\u2010Hiroshima, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083255432","display_name":"M. Higashiguchi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113306721","display_name":"Hiroshima University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t78wx29","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitsuharu Higashiguchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan","Department of Physical Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053552849","display_name":"Kenya Shimada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1945-2352","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1945-2352"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113306721","display_name":"Hiroshima University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t78wx29","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287309","display_name":"Research Institute for Synchrotron Radiation Science, Hiroshima University","ror":"https://ror.org/04sbth824","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113306721","https://openalex.org/I4405287309"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenya Shimada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan","Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-hiroshima (Japan)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721","https://openalex.org/I4405287309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-hiroshima (Japan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721","https://openalex.org/I4405287309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018731101","display_name":"H. Namatame","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113306721","display_name":"Hiroshima University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t78wx29","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287309","display_name":"Research Institute for Synchrotron Radiation Science, Hiroshima University","ror":"https://ror.org/04sbth824","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113306721","https://openalex.org/I4405287309"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hirofumi Namatame","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan","Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-hiroshima (Japan)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721","https://openalex.org/I4405287309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-hiroshima (Japan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721","https://openalex.org/I4405287309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100726352","display_name":"M. Taniguchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7822-0527","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7822-0527"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113306721","display_name":"Hiroshima University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t78wx29","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287309","display_name":"Research Institute for Synchrotron Radiation Science, Hiroshima University","ror":"https://ror.org/04sbth824","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113306721","https://openalex.org/I4405287309"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaki Taniguchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan","Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan","Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan","Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721","https://openalex.org/I4405287309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721","https://openalex.org/I4405287309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015623129"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.0508,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":503,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99668858,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"426","issue":"6966","first_page":"540","last_page":"544"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10083","display_name":"Graphene research and applications","score":0.4311999976634979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10083","display_name":"Graphene research and applications","score":0.4311999976634979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.271699994802475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10074","display_name":"Carbon Nanotubes in Composites","score":0.11829999834299088,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomonaga-luttinger-liquid","display_name":"Luttinger liquid","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-walled-carbon-nanotubes","display_name":"single-walled carbon nanotubes","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-dimensional-electron-systems","display_name":"one-dimensional electron systems","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fermi-liquid-instability","display_name":"Fermi liquid instability","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrostatic-interactions","display_name":"electrostatic interactions","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/van-hove-singularity","display_name":"van Hove singularity","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-function","display_name":"spectral function","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-law-behavior","display_name":"power-law behavior","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angle-resolved-photoemission-spectroscopy","display_name":"angle-resolved photoemission","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotube-junctions","display_name":"nanotube junctions","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-temperature-electronic-transport","display_name":"low-temperature electronic transport","score":0.6549999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197334999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430514","display_name":"Luttinger liquid","level":3,"score":0.7189666032791138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.7132094502449036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513720949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778729","display_name":"Carbon nanotube","level":2,"score":0.617831289768219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53964469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230895","display_name":"Density of states","level":2,"score":0.5758515000343323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.5580266714096069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51675196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1890239","display_name":"Fermi liquid theory","level":3,"score":0.5527740716934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13633683","display_name":"Fermi level","level":3,"score":0.5034963488578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120398109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175751","display_name":"Quantum tunnelling","level":2,"score":0.4862869679927826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.47917142510414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9342510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25406","display_name":"Coulomb","level":3,"score":0.4367208182811737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.37356889247894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2335803508758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.20216187834739685}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/nature02074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02074","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:14654836","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14654836","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:nature:v:426:y:2003:i:6966:d:10.1038_nature02074","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature02074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308782","display_name":"Hertz Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01ycgxf29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484184824","https://openalex.org/W1485771830","https://openalex.org/W1551974386","https://openalex.org/W1560640234","https://openalex.org/W1606179079","https://openalex.org/W1965767914","https://openalex.org/W1966742551","https://openalex.org/W1972075315","https://openalex.org/W1983224287","https://openalex.org/W1989777633","https://openalex.org/W1996020875","https://openalex.org/W1997075190","https://openalex.org/W1998917795","https://openalex.org/W2011664065","https://openalex.org/W2039946311","https://openalex.org/W2044984402","https://openalex.org/W2048688681","https://openalex.org/W2049558442","https://openalex.org/W2055917545","https://openalex.org/W2059866120","https://openalex.org/W2060778774","https://openalex.org/W2064155211","https://openalex.org/W2071192844","https://openalex.org/W2073896457","https://openalex.org/W2083211384","https://openalex.org/W2084988817","https://openalex.org/W2095191827","https://openalex.org/W2096865375","https://openalex.org/W2097795101","https://openalex.org/W2152900594","https://openalex.org/W2155647467","https://openalex.org/W2763366592","https://openalex.org/W4321429526"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485771830","https://openalex.org/W2003179904","https://openalex.org/W208664331","https://openalex.org/W2062947398","https://openalex.org/W1647106678","https://openalex.org/W1999341321","https://openalex.org/W1560802089","https://openalex.org/W3103253446","https://openalex.org/W1608412964","https://openalex.org/W2001150446"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}