{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997284145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290205500406","title":"The Impact of Negative Campaigning: Evidence from the 1998 Senatorial Primaries","display_name":"The Impact of Negative Campaigning: Evidence from the 1998 Senatorial Primaries","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997284145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290205500406","mag":"1997284145"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/106591290205500406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290205500406","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290205500406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108349823","display_name":"Political Research Quarterly","issn_l":"1065-9129","issn":["1065-9129","1938-274X","1938-2758"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Political Research Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014811558","display_name":"Paul A. Djupe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6944-429X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6944-429X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20577493","display_name":"Denison University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pqx1c24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20577493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul A. Djupe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Denison University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Denison University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20577493"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071804148","display_name":"David A. M. Peterson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5673-4826","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5673-4826"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A. M. Peterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.9783,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97158352,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"4","first_page":"845","last_page":"845"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13718","display_name":"Media Influence and Politics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11432","display_name":"Gender Politics and Representation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-campaigning","display_name":"negative campaigning","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-elections","display_name":"primary elections","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1998-elections","display_name":"1998 elections","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-coverage","display_name":"media coverage","score":0.6589999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7453019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16254302","display_name":"Negativity effect","level":2,"score":0.7553284764289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779838221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7856080","display_name":"Turnout","level":4,"score":0.724816083908081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201280247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11032","display_name":"Newspaper","level":2,"score":0.6970338225364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59742305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076105","display_name":"General election","level":3,"score":0.6598571538925171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4918070137500763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45184978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669262","display_name":"Primary election","level":4,"score":0.47317057847976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778282304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16254302","display_name":"Negativity bias","level":2,"score":0.4704671800136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4132741093635559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3359765112400055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.30317407846450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2702147960662842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.18111464381217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11186674237251282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.07635822892189026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/106591290205500406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290205500406","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290205500406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108349823","display_name":"Political Research Quarterly","issn_l":"1065-9129","issn":["1065-9129","1938-274X","1938-2758"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Political Research Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2307/3088082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3088082","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3088082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108349823","display_name":"Political Research Quarterly","issn_l":"1065-9129","issn":["1065-9129","1938-274X","1938-2758"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Political Research Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6601999998092651}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5799999833106995}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982174184","https://openalex.org/W1987924137","https://openalex.org/W1989926909","https://openalex.org/W2001938430","https://openalex.org/W2009860307","https://openalex.org/W2023907083","https://openalex.org/W2027037282","https://openalex.org/W2034627944","https://openalex.org/W2063875439","https://openalex.org/W2099294549","https://openalex.org/W2139977407","https://openalex.org/W2140559505","https://openalex.org/W2141798092","https://openalex.org/W2149170403","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2316667213","https://openalex.org/W2319339409","https://openalex.org/W2331780937","https://openalex.org/W2749930441","https://openalex.org/W2917507296","https://openalex.org/W3140922232","https://openalex.org/W3143168878","https://openalex.org/W4249416674","https://openalex.org/W4301481091","https://openalex.org/W4388065894"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100239372","https://openalex.org/W7100214474","https://openalex.org/W1995863888","https://openalex.org/W7096200634","https://openalex.org/W2005610432","https://openalex.org/W2065888907","https://openalex.org/W2158032059","https://openalex.org/W3121239386","https://openalex.org/W2146020557","https://openalex.org/W2120988033"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,57,100],"investigate":[1],"the":[2,8,14,74,90],"amount":[3],"of":[4,16,62],"negative":[5,17],"campaigning":[6,18],"in":[7,82],"1998":[9],"senato-":[10],"rial":[11],"primaries":[12],"and":[13,22,89,96],"ramifications":[15],"on":[19],"primary":[20,34,51,75,94,103,114],"turnout":[21],"general":[23,121],"election":[24,122],"outcomes.":[25],"A":[26],"large":[27],"literature":[28],"has":[29,36],"developed":[30],"to":[31,73,76,108],"show":[32],"whether":[33],"divisiveness":[35,52,104,117],"significant":[37],"consequences":[38],"for":[39],"electoral":[40],"outcomes,":[41],"though":[42],"we":[43],"do":[44],"not":[45],"have":[46],"much":[47,79],"knowledge":[48],"about":[49],"what":[50],"entails":[53],"(Bernstein":[54],"1977:":[55],"540).":[56],"employ":[58],"a":[59,119],"holistic":[60],"measure":[61],"campaign":[63,98,109],"negativity":[64,80,95],"measured":[65],"by":[66],"coding":[67],"newspaper":[68],"articles":[69],"three":[70],"months":[71],"prior":[72],"uncover":[77],"how":[78],"exists":[81],"senatorial":[83],"primaries,":[84],"which":[85],"campaigns":[86],"turn":[87],"negative,":[88],"relation-":[91],"ship":[92],"between":[93],"several":[97],"factors.":[99],"find":[101],"that":[102],"is":[105],"strongly":[106],"related":[107],"negativity,":[110],"neg-":[111],"ativity":[112],"boosts":[113],"turnout,":[115],"while":[116],"depletes":[118],"nominee's":[120],"fortunes.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
