{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997259679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.01.005","title":"Biodiesel production from inedible animal tallow and an experimental investigation of its use as alternative fuel in a direct injection diesel engine","display_name":"Biodiesel production from inedible animal tallow and an experimental investigation of its use as alternative fuel in a direct injection diesel engine","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997259679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.01.005","mag":"1997259679"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.01.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.01.005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.01.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109565702","display_name":"Applied Energy","issn_l":"0306-2619","issn":["0306-2619","1872-9118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1997259679"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11508/60772","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005786588","display_name":"Cengiz \u00d6ner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3278-2831","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3278-2831"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143396566","display_name":"F\u0131rat University","ror":"https://ror.org/05teb7b63","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143396566"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cengiz \u00d6ner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical Education Faculty, Automotive Division, F\u0131rat University, 23119 Elaz\u0131g, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical Education Faculty, Automotive Division, F\u0131rat University, 23119 Elaz\u0131g, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143396566"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031352426","display_name":"\u015eehmus Altun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9017-2986","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9017-2986"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32481161","display_name":"Batman University","ror":"https://ror.org/051tsqh55","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32481161"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u015eehmus Altun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical Education Faculty, Automotive Division, Batman University, 72060 Batman, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical Education Faculty, Automotive Division, Batman University, 72060 Batman, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32481161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031352426"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32481161"],"apc_list":{"value":4430,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4430},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":24.9691,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":365,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99708094,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"86","issue":"10","first_page":"2114","last_page":"2120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13990","display_name":"Engine and Fuel Emissions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiesel","display_name":"biodiesel","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transesterification","display_name":"transesterification","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiesel-blends","display_name":"biodiesel blends","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-injection-diesel-engine","display_name":"direct injection diesel engine","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-fuels","display_name":"alternative fuels","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engine-efficiency","display_name":"engine efficiency","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specific-fuel-consumption","display_name":"specific fuel consumption","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-emissions","display_name":"vehicle emissions","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nox-emissions","display_name":"NOx emissions","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoke-opacity","display_name":"smoke opacity","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-monoxide","display_name":"carbon monoxide","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfur-dioxide","display_name":"sulfur dioxide","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-properties","display_name":"fuel properties","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calorific-value","display_name":"calorific value","score":0.5329999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138171918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38423","display_name":"Diesel fuel","level":2,"score":0.8266487121582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52896960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167947","display_name":"Biodiesel","level":3,"score":0.8218100070953369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203032635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20962970","display_name":"NOx","level":3,"score":0.6066304445266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780804531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174174","display_name":"Diesel engine","level":2,"score":0.5689802169799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175461058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107002401","display_name":"Vegetable oil refining","level":4,"score":0.5631576776504517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.528658390045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.4815414547920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40098085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2584993","display_name":"Winter diesel fuel","level":5,"score":0.4690414369106293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777241282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591576","display_name":"Transesterification","level":3,"score":0.4690096080303192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73081478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814856","display_name":"Brake specific fuel consumption","level":3,"score":0.4599103331565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53991642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128991","display_name":"Biofuel","level":2,"score":0.42386484146118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183762115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q345372","display_name":"Diesel exhaust fluid","level":4,"score":0.41145333647727966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3966027796268463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.38965609669685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779607525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14982","display_name":"Methanol","level":2,"score":0.25644174218177795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3432839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336041","display_name":"Diesel exhaust","level":3,"score":0.2364160418510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.1909928023815155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.1590510904788971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12013867497444153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.10921546816825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71034217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q142663","display_name":"Diesel cycle","level":4,"score":0.08262869715690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106169591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909434","display_name":"Combustion chamber","level":3,"score":0.0645219087600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.05376902222633362}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.01.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.01.005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.01.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109565702","display_name":"Applied Energy","issn_l":"0306-2619","issn":["0306-2619","1872-9118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:appene:v:86:y:2009:i:10:p:2114-2120","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306-2619(09)00006-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.firat.edu.tr:11508/60772","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11508/60772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196733","display_name":"DSpace - FIRAT (F\u0131rat University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143396566","host_organization_name":"F\u0131rat University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143396566"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.firat.edu.tr:11508/60772","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11508/60772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196733","display_name":"DSpace - FIRAT (F\u0131rat University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143396566","host_organization_name":"F\u0131rat University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143396566"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9090999960899353,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323388","display_name":"Dicle \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/0257dtg16"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520227701","https://openalex.org/W1966321216","https://openalex.org/W1968323903","https://openalex.org/W1973917054","https://openalex.org/W1976054397","https://openalex.org/W2017658150","https://openalex.org/W2019062997","https://openalex.org/W2025646708","https://openalex.org/W2028925204","https://openalex.org/W2033117002","https://openalex.org/W2036351206","https://openalex.org/W2038827451","https://openalex.org/W2048834889","https://openalex.org/W2050956365","https://openalex.org/W2058954552","https://openalex.org/W2059758748","https://openalex.org/W2060318249","https://openalex.org/W2064319190","https://openalex.org/W2076228258","https://openalex.org/W2077505853","https://openalex.org/W2089953210","https://openalex.org/W2092235676","https://openalex.org/W2092602043","https://openalex.org/W2092655185","https://openalex.org/W2092747596","https://openalex.org/W2132951755","https://openalex.org/W2139166552","https://openalex.org/W2140966199"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069249439","https://openalex.org/W2606304479","https://openalex.org/W1598968983","https://openalex.org/W4280613317","https://openalex.org/W166701351","https://openalex.org/W2791104009","https://openalex.org/W3119671192","https://openalex.org/W2976808453","https://openalex.org/W2110530824","https://openalex.org/W4296816999"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":28}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}