{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997196399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000136755","title":"Cholinergic Receptor Mechanisms in Amphibian Vasoconstrictor Responses","display_name":"Cholinergic Receptor Mechanisms in Amphibian Vasoconstrictor Responses","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997196399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000136755","mag":"1997196399","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/619364"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1159/000136755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000136755","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000136755","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106137443","display_name":"Pharmacology","issn_l":"0031-7012","issn":["0031-7012","1423-0313"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111801416","display_name":"Surendra S. Gambhir","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51317819","display_name":"Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y75dx46","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51317819","https://openalex.org/I91357014"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91357014","display_name":"Banaras Hindu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04cdn2797","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.S. Gambhir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51317819","https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"P.K. Das","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51317819","display_name":"Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y75dx46","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51317819","https://openalex.org/I91357014"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91357014","display_name":"Banaras Hindu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04cdn2797","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.K. Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51317819","https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"115","last_page":"120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11178","display_name":"Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11178","display_name":"Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11818","display_name":"Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholinergic-receptors","display_name":"cholinergic receptors","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vasoconstriction","display_name":"vasoconstriction","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscarinic-receptors","display_name":"muscarinic receptors","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/choline-esters","display_name":"choline esters","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acetylcholine","display_name":"acetylcholine","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbachol","display_name":"carbachol","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methacholine","display_name":"methacholine","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bethanechol","display_name":"bethanechol","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pentolinium","display_name":"pentolinium","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dihydroergotamine","display_name":"dihydroergotamine","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atropine","display_name":"atropine","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physostigmine","display_name":"physostigmine","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epinephrine","display_name":"epinephrine","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barium-chloride","display_name":"barium chloride","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-adrenergic-receptors","display_name":"alpha-adrenergic receptors","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nicotinic-acetylcholine-receptors","display_name":"nicotinic acetylcholine receptors","score":0.984000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33789571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410959","display_name":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor","level":3,"score":0.7945818901062012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.6809892654418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6751329898834229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6534491777420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775910092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180623","display_name":"Acetylcholine","level":2,"score":0.6152851581573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778988552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419401","display_name":"Carbachol","level":3,"score":0.6080605387687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780660124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419059","display_name":"Bethanechol","level":4,"score":0.5964338183403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781260171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413188","display_name":"Methacholine","level":4,"score":0.47493770718574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775859210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26272","display_name":"Atropine","level":2,"score":0.42799127101898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22885893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4862743","display_name":"Cholinergic","level":2,"score":0.4258866608142853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.34685927629470825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3390321731567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.20250248908996582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1561615765094757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776178081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3286546","display_name":"Respiratory disease","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000109","descriptor_name":"Acetylcholine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001001","descriptor_name":"Anura","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001337","descriptor_name":"Autonomic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001626","descriptor_name":"Bethanechol Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002217","descriptor_name":"Carbachol","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004837","descriptor_name":"Epinephrine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008688","descriptor_name":"Methacholine Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010830","descriptor_name":"Physostigmine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011898","descriptor_name":"Ranidae","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011950","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Cholinergic","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014661","descriptor_name":"Vasoconstriction","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1159/000136755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000136755","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000136755","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106137443","display_name":"Pharmacology","issn_l":"0031-7012","issn":["0031-7012","1423-0313"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:619364","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/619364","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.46810001134872437}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W77304761","https://openalex.org/W1966788877","https://openalex.org/W2423710975","https://openalex.org/W2026858686","https://openalex.org/W2038964570","https://openalex.org/W2408833689","https://openalex.org/W100639291","https://openalex.org/W2065053314","https://openalex.org/W2033965329","https://openalex.org/W2409307223"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,121,180],"four":[1,64],"choline":[2,43,65,112,139],"esters,":[3],"namely":[4],"acetylcholine,":[5],"carbachol,":[6],"methacholine":[7,25],"and":[8,19,26,29,45,71,98,118,152,168],"bethanechol,":[9],"produced":[10,36,95],"constriction":[11],"of":[12,41,62,108,128,130],"frog's":[13],"perfused":[14],"systemic":[15],"blood":[16],"vessels,":[17],"acetylcholine":[18,101],"carbachol":[20],"being":[21],"more":[22],"potent":[23],"than":[24],"bethanechol.":[27],"Pentolinium":[28],"dihydroergotamine,":[30],"in":[31,88,92,126,136,150,155,164,189],"submaximal":[32,157],"receptor-blocking":[33,158],"doses,":[34],"also":[35,184],"a":[37,76,145],"uniform":[38],"partial":[39],"inhibition":[40],"all":[42],"esters":[44,66,113],"other":[46,55,110],"agonists":[47],"including":[48],"the":[49,54,60,63,69,109,131,166,190],"direct-acting":[50],"barium":[51,72,119],"chloride.":[52],"On":[53],"hand":[56],"atropine":[57],"markedly":[58,99],"inhibited":[59,105],"responses":[61],"without":[67,114],"affecting":[68,116],"adrenaline":[70,117],"responses.":[73,120],"Compound":[74],"AHR-602,":[75],"specific":[77],"ganglionic":[78,151,181],"muscarinic":[79,133,177,182],"excitatory":[80],"receptor":[81],"stimulant,":[82],"did":[83],"not":[84,172],"produce":[85],"any":[86],"effect":[87],"these":[89],"experiments.":[90],"Eserine":[91],"higher":[93],"doses":[94],"slight":[96],"vasoconstriction":[97,137],"potentiated":[100],"responses,":[102],"but":[103],"it":[104],"partially":[106],"those":[107],"three":[111],"significantly":[115],"results":[122],"provide":[123],"strong":[124],"evidence":[125],"favor":[127],"involvement":[129],"postganglionic":[132],"receptors":[134,170,178,183],"only":[135],"after":[138],"esters.":[140],"There":[141],"seems":[142],"to":[143,186],"be":[144,162,187],"considerable":[146],"nonspecific":[147],"inhibitory":[148],"activity":[149],"alpha-adrenergic":[153],"blockers":[154],"their":[156],"doses.":[159],"It":[160],"may":[161],"that":[163],"frog":[165],"adrenergic":[167],"nicotinic":[169],"are":[171],"as":[173,176],"well":[174],"differentiated":[175],"are.":[179],"seem":[185],"absent":[188],"frog.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}