{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997187499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0170193","title":"A Test of Crossbred Chickens, Single Comb White Leghorns and Rhode Island Reds","display_name":"A Test of Crossbred Chickens, Single Comb White Leghorns and Rhode Island Reds","publication_year":1938,"publication_date":"1938-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997187499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0170193","mag":"1997187499"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3382/ps.0170193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0170193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0170193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133896805","display_name":"Poultry Science","issn_l":"0032-5791","issn":["0032-5791","1525-3171"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Poultry Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0170193","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108646467","display_name":"Charles Webster Knox","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles W. Knox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109163351","display_name":"Marlow W. Olsen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marlow W. Olsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2600},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2600},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09450402,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"193","last_page":"199"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10594","display_name":"Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10594","display_name":"Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11229","display_name":"Genetics and Plant Breeding","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13294","display_name":"Livestock and Poultry Management","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossbred-chickens","display_name":"crossbred chickens","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-comb-white-leghorn","display_name":"Single Comb White Leghorn","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhode-island-red","display_name":"Rhode Island Red","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybridization","display_name":"hybridization","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interspecific-hybridization","display_name":"interspecific hybridization","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inbred-lines","display_name":"inbred lines","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poultry-breeding","display_name":"poultry breeding","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossbreeding","display_name":"crossbreeding","score":0.5630000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17966761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68947","display_name":"Subspecies","level":2,"score":0.973057746887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7870316505432129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173419221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4390467","display_name":"Crossbreed","level":2,"score":0.7428114414215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76725341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1893126","display_name":"Inbred strain","level":3,"score":0.6087290048599243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.5743784308433533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.52434903383255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.38942134380340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.32765695452690125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.25073379278182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.06514060497283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3382/ps.0170193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0170193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0170193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133896805","display_name":"Poultry Science","issn_l":"0032-5791","issn":["0032-5791","1525-3171"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Poultry Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3382/ps.0170193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0170193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0170193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133896805","display_name":"Poultry Science","issn_l":"0032-5791","issn":["0032-5791","1525-3171"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Poultry Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9208999872207642,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W578108624","https://openalex.org/W2009480228","https://openalex.org/W2038200077","https://openalex.org/W2040349102","https://openalex.org/W2061804700","https://openalex.org/W2090684058","https://openalex.org/W2106489224","https://openalex.org/W2109366077","https://openalex.org/W2140450090","https://openalex.org/W2155368120","https://openalex.org/W2295119120","https://openalex.org/W2300013298","https://openalex.org/W2314409704","https://openalex.org/W2463326064","https://openalex.org/W6643539455"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028277660","https://openalex.org/W1984239510","https://openalex.org/W2417980064","https://openalex.org/W2094203872","https://openalex.org/W1983008889","https://openalex.org/W4403386809","https://openalex.org/W1891455372","https://openalex.org/W3046543092","https://openalex.org/W799772610","https://openalex.org/W2033171841"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"IN":[0],"THE":[1],"fields":[2],"of":[3,14,30,48,57,63,70,86,91,94,133],"plant":[4,78],"and":[5,39,66,73,136,138],"animal":[6,99],"genetics,":[7],"there":[8],"has":[9,37],"been":[10,38,81,129],"a":[11,140],"considerable":[12],"amount":[13],"experimental":[15],"work":[16],"crossing":[17,28],"different":[18,31,49,58,64,134,145],"inbred":[19,55,59],"lines,":[20],"distantly":[21],"related":[22],"individuals,":[23],"and,":[24],"in":[25,43,76,88,97,105,139],"some":[26,84],"cases,":[27],"individuals":[29,47,56,62,143],"genera,":[32,50,71],"species,":[33,51,72],"or":[34,52],"subspecies.":[35,53],"Hybridization":[36],"may":[40],"be":[41,115],"accomplished":[42],"three":[44],"ways:":[45],"Crossing":[46,54,61],"lines.":[60],"breeds":[65],"varieties.":[67],"The":[68],"progeny":[69,101],"subspecies":[74,137],"crosses":[75,104,127],"the":[77,89,98,120],"kingdom":[79],"have":[80,128],"used":[82],"with":[83],"degree":[85],"success":[87],"formation":[90],"new":[92],"types":[93],"plants.":[95],"However,":[96],"kingdom,":[100],"from":[102,144],"wide":[103],"large":[106],"animals,":[107],"whenever":[108],"they":[109],"are":[110],"obtained,":[111],"usually":[112],"prove":[113],"to":[114],"without":[116],"economic":[117],"value":[118],"although":[119],"mule":[121],"is":[122],"an":[123],"outstanding":[124],"exception.":[125],"Many":[126],"made":[130],"between":[131,142],"birds":[132],"species":[135],"few":[141],"genera.":[146],".":[147,148,149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}