{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997178309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/523873","title":"Technical Education in Kenya: Some Problems","display_name":"Technical Education in Kenya: Some Problems","publication_year":1976,"publication_date":"1976-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997178309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/523873","mag":"1997178309"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/523873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/523873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/523873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196489185","display_name":"African Studies Review","issn_l":"0002-0206","issn":["0002-0206","1555-2462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Studies Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114251715","display_name":"Henry J. D\u2019Souza","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Henry D'Souza","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114251715"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33771052,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"3","first_page":"33","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13532","display_name":"Education Systems and Policy","score":0.5449000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13532","display_name":"Education Systems and Policy","score":0.5449000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12204","display_name":"African Education and Politics","score":0.3005000054836273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13872","display_name":"Vocational and Entrepreneurial Education","score":0.10029999911785126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-education","display_name":"technical education","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocational-education","display_name":"vocational education","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kenya","display_name":"Kenya","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-vocational-schools","display_name":"secondary vocational schools","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-quality","display_name":"training quality","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-wastage","display_name":"student wastage","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graduate-unemployment","display_name":"graduate unemployment","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-education","display_name":"teacher professional development","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-policy","display_name":"education policy","score":0.5450000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.30987292528152466}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/523873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/523873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/523873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196489185","display_name":"African Studies Review","issn_l":"0002-0206","issn":["0002-0206","1555-2462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Studies Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995082320","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2955725829","https://openalex.org/W2949263084","https://openalex.org/W2743539335","https://openalex.org/W594353338","https://openalex.org/W2922049016","https://openalex.org/W2724734218","https://openalex.org/W4382466601","https://openalex.org/W2955504986","https://openalex.org/W2216817687"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"problem":[1,104],"is":[2,37,290],"that":[3,267,288],"the":[4,22,45,52,62,86,100,110,122,161,164,215,243,317],"term":[5],"technical":[48],"as":[7,40],"used":[8],"in":[9,68,70,116,132,177,211,225,237,285],"Kenyan":[10],"education":[49],"embraces":[12],"a":[13,30,34,41,83,97,145,171,232,256,283,291],"wide":[14],"range":[15],"of":[16,21,54,112,124,148,163,174,180,189,231,235,248,270,327],"meaning.":[17],"At":[18,44],"one":[19],"end":[20],"spectrum,":[23],"any":[24],"consultant":[25],"from":[26],"abroad,":[27],"be":[28,331],"he":[29],"football":[31],"coach":[32],"or":[33],"tax":[35],"specialist,":[36],"referred":[38],"to":[39,51,77,91,158,259,321],"adviser.":[43],"other":[46],"extreme":[47],"refers":[50],"training":[53,210,221,345],"craftsmen,":[55],"technicians,":[56,80],"business":[57],"administrators,":[58],"secretaries,":[59],"agriculturists":[60],"and":[61,79,136,205,214,245,302],"like,":[63],"personnel":[64],"who":[65],"are":[66,138],"involved":[67],"production":[69],"industry.":[71],"Generally":[72],"most":[73,179,260],"official":[74,318],"reports":[75],"allude":[76],"craftsmen":[78],"without":[81],"drawing":[82],"distinction":[84,98],"between":[85,99],"two,":[87],"when":[88],"they":[89],"refer":[90],"training;":[93],"yet":[94],"others":[95],"make":[96],"types":[101],"trained.":[102],"Another":[103],"which":[105,169,195],"confronted":[106],"administrators":[107],"was":[108,222,264,320],"raising":[109],"quality":[111],"given":[115],"specialized":[117,342],"secondary":[118,128,166],"schools":[119,130,168,194],"run":[120],"by":[121],"Ministry":[123],"Education.":[125],"The":[126,151,250],"four":[127],"located":[131,197],"Nairobi,":[133],"Nakuru,":[134],"Mombasa,":[135],"Sigalagala":[137],"well":[139],"equipped.":[140],"In":[141],"1973":[142],"these":[143,181,226],"had":[144,156,170],"total":[146,172,233],"enrollment":[147,173,234,323],"2,215":[149],"students.":[150],"Wamalwa":[152],"Commission":[153],"(1972),":[154],"however,":[155],"cause":[157],"complain":[159],"about":[160],"standards":[162],"eight":[165,193,227],"vocational":[167],"3,718":[175],"students":[176,182],"1973;":[178],"left":[183],"school":[184],"with":[255,335],"no":[186],"terminal":[187],"qualifications":[188],"marketable":[190],"value.":[191],"These":[192],"were":[196,252,272],"at":[198,324],"Kabete,":[199],"Kaiboi,":[200],"Machakos,":[201],"Mawengo,":[202],"Meru,":[203],"Kisumu,":[204],"Nakuru":[206],"offered":[207],"only":[208,239],"pre-craft":[209],"masonry,":[212],"carpentry,":[213],"allied":[216],"trades.":[217],"Wastage,":[218],"too,":[219],"during":[220],"incredibly":[223],"high":[224,292],"trade":[228],"schools:":[229],"out":[230],"2,036":[236],"1968":[238],"1.5":[240],"percent":[241,296,304],"entered":[242],"fourth":[244],"last":[246],"year":[247],"training.":[249,328],"authorities":[251],"also":[253],"faced":[254],"dilemma":[257],"common":[258],"developing":[261],"countries:":[262],"it":[263],"vaguely":[265],"felt":[266],"all":[268,325],"levels":[269,326],"technicians":[271],"needed":[273],"especially":[274],"since":[275],"Kenya":[276],"relied":[277],"heavily":[278],"on":[279],"expatriate":[280],"staff.":[281],"Yet":[282],"survey":[284],"1975":[286],"revealed":[287],"there":[289],"unemployment":[293],"rate,":[294],"49":[295],"among":[297,305],"Technical":[298,306],"High":[299],"School":[300,308],"graduates":[309],"58":[303],"Secondary":[307],"(Fretwell,":[310],"1975:":[311],"6).":[312],"Despite":[313],"this":[314],"apparent":[315],"paradox":[316],"policy":[319],"increase":[322],"Expansion":[329],"could":[330,338],"accelerated":[332],"if":[333],"Kenya,":[334],"foreign":[336],"assistance,":[337],"build":[339],"its":[340],"first":[341],"institution":[343],"for":[344],"local":[346],"teachers.":[348]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}