{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997160650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341510601003065","title":"Technology\u2010Led Innovation: The Non\u2010Linearity of US Jet Propulsion Development","display_name":"Technology\u2010Led Innovation: The Non\u2010Linearity of US Jet Propulsion Development","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997160650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341510601003065","mag":"1997160650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/07341510601003065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341510601003065","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341510601003065","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124167300","display_name":"History and Technology","issn_l":"0734-1512","issn":["0734-1512","1477-2620"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"History and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018454110","display_name":"Philip B. Scranton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philip Scranton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102\u20101519, USA","View further author information"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102\u20101519, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"View further author information","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018454110"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8017,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95698877,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"337","last_page":"367"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13641","display_name":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","score":0.5849999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13641","display_name":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","score":0.5849999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12445","display_name":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","score":0.34769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.017799999564886093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-model-of-innovation","display_name":"linear model of innovation","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jet-propulsion","display_name":"jet propulsion","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimental-development","display_name":"experimental development","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-practice","display_name":"technical practice","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-innovation","display_name":"technological innovation","score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basic-research-funding","display_name":"basic research funding","score":0.4860000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1034443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2583685","display_name":"Propulsion","level":2,"score":0.5745807886123657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781085045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7318308","display_name":"Reversing","level":2,"score":0.468507319688797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988118331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q276099","display_name":"Technology development","level":2,"score":0.46105730533599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.44776684045791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.394222617149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37615150213241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2919512391090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.22630423307418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21291989088058472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.17369133234024048}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/07341510601003065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341510601003065","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341510601003065","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124167300","display_name":"History and Technology","issn_l":"0734-1512","issn":["0734-1512","1477-2620"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"History and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.7207000255584717}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6200000047683716}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55584322","https://openalex.org/W190482912","https://openalex.org/W199321665","https://openalex.org/W561430497","https://openalex.org/W584291431","https://openalex.org/W598498553","https://openalex.org/W601175664","https://openalex.org/W1526792813","https://openalex.org/W1528523383","https://openalex.org/W1535094307","https://openalex.org/W1546859112","https://openalex.org/W1551024150","https://openalex.org/W1642140027","https://openalex.org/W1993826346","https://openalex.org/W2009465705","https://openalex.org/W2043057836","https://openalex.org/W2099015290","https://openalex.org/W2099223787","https://openalex.org/W2141379123","https://openalex.org/W2229137210","https://openalex.org/W2475837131","https://openalex.org/W4211042726","https://openalex.org/W4230993035","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300915262","https://openalex.org/W4319589138","https://openalex.org/W6654252229","https://openalex.org/W6717950660"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7062264361","https://openalex.org/W2329071122","https://openalex.org/W2147649479","https://openalex.org/W1965234564","https://openalex.org/W7100468755","https://openalex.org/W2262243707","https://openalex.org/W1551411890","https://openalex.org/W1969245552","https://openalex.org/W2064159320","https://openalex.org/W4253741902"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"repeated":[1],"announcements":[2],"of":[3,11,39,46,61,79,112],"its":[4],"death":[5],"or":[6],"uselessness,":[7],"the":[8,15,40,58,101,104,130,133,143],"\u2018linear":[9],"model\u2019":[10],"science\u2013technology":[12],"relations":[13],"persists,":[14],"notion":[16],"that":[17,24,48,69],"fundamental":[18],"scientific":[19,80,138],"research":[20,139],"precedes":[21],"applied":[22],"studies":[23,111],"in":[25,115,125],"time":[26],"generate":[27],"technological":[28,126],"advances.":[29],"This":[30],"article":[31],"undertakes":[32],"first":[33],"to":[34,43,51,89,97,121,135],"revisit":[35],"investigations":[36],"and":[37,42,86,132],"critiques":[38],"model,":[41],"remind":[44],"historians":[45],"technology":[47],"intriguing":[49],"alternatives":[50],"it":[52,67],"have":[53,73,98],"been":[54,74,99],"developed.":[55],"Second,":[56],"using":[57],"case":[59],"study":[60],"Cold":[62],"War":[63],"military":[64],"jet":[65],"propulsion,":[66],"argues":[68],"innovative,":[70],"complex":[71],"technologies":[72],"created":[75],"without":[76],"reliable":[77],"understanding":[78],"fundamentals.":[81],"These":[82],"were":[83],"messy,":[84],"non\u2010linear,":[85],"failure\u2010filled":[87],"processes,":[88],"be":[90],"sure,":[91],"yet":[92],"they":[93],"may":[94,128],"well":[95],"prove":[96],"more":[100],"rule":[102],"than":[103],"exception,":[105],"once":[106],"scholars":[107],"pursue":[108],"richly":[109],"textured":[110],"technical":[113],"practice":[114],"experimental":[116],"development.":[117],"Ultimately,":[118],"project":[119],"needs":[120],"overcome":[122],"engineering":[123],"obstacles":[124],"innovation":[127],"provide":[129],"platforms":[131],"funding":[134],"support":[136],"basic":[137],"as":[140],"well,":[141],"reversing":[142],"linear":[144],"model\u2019s":[145],"expected":[146],"flows.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
