{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997152162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002158","title":"Selection of Resistant Bacteria at Very Low Antibiotic Concentrations","display_name":"Selection of Resistant Bacteria at Very Low Antibiotic Concentrations","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997152162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002158","mag":"1997152162","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21811410","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3141051"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002158","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1002158&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2004986","display_name":"PLoS Pathogens","issn_l":"1553-7366","issn":["1553-7366","1553-7374"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Pathogens","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1002158&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112455013","display_name":"Erik Gullberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Gullberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033304124","display_name":"Sha Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3033-9219","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3033-9219"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sha Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111406856","display_name":"Otto G. Berg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Otto G. Berg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Evolution, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Evolution, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046470414","display_name":"Carolina Ilb\u00e4ck","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carolina Ilb\u00e4ck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084196794","display_name":"Linus Sandegren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-9782","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-9782"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linus Sandegren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052604339","display_name":"Diarmaid Hughes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7456-9182","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7456-9182"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diarmaid Hughes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015639074","display_name":"Dan I. Andersson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6640-2174","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6640-2174"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dan I. Andersson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015639074"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"],"apc_list":{"value":3043,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3043},"apc_paid":{"value":3043,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3043},"fwci":38.7596,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1667,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99909683,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"7","first_page":"e1002158","last_page":"e1002158"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.7050999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.7050999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10147","display_name":"Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria","score":0.12809999287128448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1313","display_name":"Molecular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10419","display_name":"Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","score":0.10159999877214432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-resistance","display_name":"antibiotic resistance","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-resistant-bacteria","display_name":"drug-resistant bacteria","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition-experiments","display_name":"competition experiments","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-inhibitory-concentration","display_name":"minimum inhibitory concentration","score":0.7799999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.8833165168762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.8135240077972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94665300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63391344","display_name":"Antibiotic resistance","level":3,"score":0.7051146030426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6640509366989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.5623447895050049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5050035119056702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114851261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147416","display_name":"Drug resistance","level":2,"score":0.4834176301956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.41427484154701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.1577586531639099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10715454816818237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004305","descriptor_name":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012486","descriptor_name":"Salmonella typhimurium","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012486","descriptor_name":"Salmonella typhimurium","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012641","descriptor_name":"Selection, Genetic","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012641","descriptor_name":"Selection, Genetic","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024881","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024881","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002158","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1002158&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2004986","display_name":"PLoS Pathogens","issn_l":"1553-7366","issn":["1553-7366","1553-7374"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Pathogens","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2156492","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3141051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3141051","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3141051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Pathog","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:21811410","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21811410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS pathogens","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.349.8947","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.349.8947","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/e4/4d/PLoS_Pathog_2011_Jul_21_7(7)_e1002158.tar.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7bc7bbdd5c8f4e76bdfc8bf7e0b367d5","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7bc7bbdd5c8f4e76bdfc8bf7e0b367d5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Pathogens, Vol 7, Iss 7, p e1002158 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/134985","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/Selection_of_Resistant_Bacteria_at_Very_Low_Antibiotic_Concentrations/134985","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002158","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1002158&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2004986","display_name":"PLoS Pathogens","issn_l":"1553-7366","issn":["1553-7366","1553-7374"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Pathogens","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4043000042438507}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321033","display_name":"Svenska Forskningsr\u00e5det Formas","ror":"https://ror.org/03pjs1y45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1997152162.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1997152162.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532315976","https://openalex.org/W1618950725","https://openalex.org/W1646365843","https://openalex.org/W1964071916","https://openalex.org/W1967354388","https://openalex.org/W1991197039","https://openalex.org/W1992465892","https://openalex.org/W2021971650","https://openalex.org/W2036073976","https://openalex.org/W2043887558","https://openalex.org/W2051695178","https://openalex.org/W2052189541","https://openalex.org/W2052566690","https://openalex.org/W2066286375","https://openalex.org/W2073556554","https://openalex.org/W2089706328","https://openalex.org/W2099298633","https://openalex.org/W2108981715","https://openalex.org/W2113774740","https://openalex.org/W2118094639","https://openalex.org/W2125620267","https://openalex.org/W2134875483","https://openalex.org/W2142102316","https://openalex.org/W2146629814","https://openalex.org/W2149166791","https://openalex.org/W2165188338","https://openalex.org/W2167806904","https://openalex.org/W2171280873","https://openalex.org/W2276033821","https://openalex.org/W2288819996"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2155707781","https://openalex.org/W7095760619","https://openalex.org/W193408763","https://openalex.org/W2082592039","https://openalex.org/W347775351","https://openalex.org/W1983849784","https://openalex.org/W4315498371","https://openalex.org/W2909325629","https://openalex.org/W2164299830","https://openalex.org/W2000707800"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"widespread":[1],"use":[2],"of":[3,10,31,63,89,119,147,167],"antibiotics":[4,32],"is":[5],"selecting":[6],"for":[7,73,94,163],"a":[8,101,124,136],"variety":[9],"resistance":[11,148,168],"mechanisms":[12],"that":[13,61,109,151],"seriously":[14],"challenge":[15],"our":[16],"ability":[17],"to":[18,81,144],"treat":[19],"bacterial":[20,170],"infections.":[21],"Resistant":[22],"bacteria":[23,65,91],"can":[24,113],"be":[25,114],"selected":[26,115],"at":[27,67,100,116],"the":[28,38,85,145,152],"high":[29],"concentrations":[30,42,79,118,155],"used":[33],"therapeutically,":[34],"but":[35],"what":[36],"role":[37],"much":[39],"lower":[40],"antibiotic":[41,70,154],"present":[43,99],"in":[44,48,135,157,169],"many":[45,158],"environments":[46,160],"plays":[47],"selection":[49,62],"remains":[50],"largely":[51],"unclear.":[52],"Here":[53],"we":[54,122],"show":[55,108],"using":[56],"highly":[57],"sensitive":[58],"competition":[59],"experiments":[60],"resistant":[64,95],"occurs":[66],"extremely":[68],"low":[69,103,153],"concentrations.":[71],"Thus,":[72],"three":[74],"clinically":[75],"important":[76,162],"antibiotics,":[77,120],"drug":[78],"up":[80],"several":[82],"hundred-fold":[83],"below":[84],"minimal":[86],"inhibitory":[87],"concentration":[88],"susceptible":[90,137],"could":[92],"enrich":[93],"bacteria,":[96],"even":[97],"when":[98],"very":[102],"initial":[104],"fraction.":[105],"We":[106],"also":[107],"de":[110],"novo":[111],"mutants":[112,131],"sub-MIC":[117],"and":[121,149,165],"provide":[123],"mathematical":[125],"model":[126],"predicting":[127],"how":[128],"rapidly":[129],"such":[130],"would":[132],"take":[133],"over":[134],"population.":[138],"These":[139],"results":[140],"add":[141],"another":[142],"dimension":[143],"evolution":[146],"suggest":[150],"found":[156],"natural":[159],"are":[161],"enrichment":[164],"maintenance":[166],"populations.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":106},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":121},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":132},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":134},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":149},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":157},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":139},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":122},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":131},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":107},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":83},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":86},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":77},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":72},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":42}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}