{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997077697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00193","title":"Informal Spaces: The Geography of Informal Economic Activities in Brussels","display_name":"Informal Spaces: The Geography of Informal Economic Activities in Brussels","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997077697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00193","mag":"1997077697"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1468-2427.00193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00193","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1468-2427.00193","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118082279","display_name":"International Journal of Urban and Regional Research","issn_l":"0309-1317","issn":["0309-1317","1468-2427"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Urban and Regional Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1468-2427.00193","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111607928","display_name":"Christian Kesteltoot","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Kesteltoot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituut voor Sociale en Economische Geografie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Belgium,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituut voor Sociale en Economische Geografie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Belgium,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110170989","display_name":"Henk Meert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henk Meert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituut voor Sociale en Economische Geografie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituut voor Sociale en Economische Geografie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.2364,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":119,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98746411,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"232","last_page":"251"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13762","display_name":"Education and Labor Relations","score":0.7689999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13762","display_name":"Education and Labor Relations","score":0.7689999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12147","display_name":"Urban and Rural Development Challenges","score":0.05909999832510948,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14219","display_name":"Local Economic Development and Planning","score":0.04309999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-economy","display_name":"informal economy","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brussels","display_name":"Brussels","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recession","display_name":"economic recession","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survival-strategies","display_name":"survival strategies","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suburban-development","display_name":"suburban development","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peri-urbanization","display_name":"periurbanization","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informalization","display_name":"informalization","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-development","display_name":"urban development","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-livelihoods","display_name":"household livelihoods","score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inner-city-poverty","display_name":"inner-city poverty","score":0.4129999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64089585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944235","display_name":"Informal sector","level":2,"score":0.7204861640930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74080474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7305975","display_name":"Redistribution (election)","level":3,"score":0.4886641800403595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549774020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851147","display_name":"Welfare economics","level":1,"score":0.45023876428604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.44817671179771423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195742910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176494","display_name":"Recession","level":2,"score":0.4360570013523102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.37653177976608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3726857900619507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.36986592411994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.3536239266395569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3192608654499054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2604118883609772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165556158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83937","display_name":"Keynesian economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/1468-2427.00193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00193","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1468-2427.00193","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118082279","display_name":"International Journal of Urban and Regional Research","issn_l":"0309-1317","issn":["0309-1317","1468-2427"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Urban and Regional Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:23:y:1999:i:2:p:232-251","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1468-2427.00193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/742918","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/742918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Conference on Cities, Enterprises and Society at the Eve of the 21st Century, FRANCE, LILLE, 16-18 March 1994","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1468-2427.00193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00193","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1468-2427.00193","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118082279","display_name":"International Journal of Urban and Regional Research","issn_l":"0309-1317","issn":["0309-1317","1468-2427"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Urban and Regional Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7257999777793884,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1997077697.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1997077697.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2572241328","https://openalex.org/W2285195957","https://openalex.org/W4321483009","https://openalex.org/W2519420603","https://openalex.org/W2589878477","https://openalex.org/W3128389356","https://openalex.org/W840188642","https://openalex.org/W2618523076","https://openalex.org/W1516438267","https://openalex.org/W7046303598"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"unravels":[2],"the":[3,9,17,59,79,92,110,118,130],"relations":[4,187],"between":[5,167],"different":[6],"categories":[7,45,98],"of":[8,20,46,54,66,75,81,95,99,113,144,146,165],"informal":[10,32,47,67,100,159],"economy":[11,33],"and":[12,28,70,84,108,121,126,136,151,169],"their":[13,55,76,179],"spatial":[14,56,85],"distribution":[15],"in":[16,40,52,73,103,116,129,138,173],"geographical":[18],"setting":[19],"Brussels.":[21],"Micro":[22],"perspectives":[23,30,201],"(households":[24],"as":[25,162],"economic":[26,36,68,82,101,124,147,160,171],"agents)":[27],"macro":[29,210],"(the":[31],"related":[34],"to":[35,42,105,157,175,178],"recession)":[37],"are":[38,50],"combined":[39],"order":[41,174],"deal":[43],"with":[44,78],"activities":[48,69,102,115,161],"which":[49],"homogenous":[51],"terms":[53,74],"logic.":[57,86],"In":[58],"first":[60],"part":[61,89],"we":[62],"review":[63],"several":[64],"classifications":[65,240],"assess":[71],"them":[72],"congruence":[77,251],"distinctions":[80],"actors":[83,172],"The":[87],"second":[88],"elaborates":[90],"on":[91,109],"raisons":[93,265],"d\u2019\u00eatre":[94],"three":[96],"large":[97],"relation":[104,278],"urban":[106,139],"development":[107],"production":[111,287],"environments":[112],"these":[114],"Brussels:":[117],"domestic":[119],"sector":[120],"suburban":[122],"development;":[123],"recession":[125],"survival":[127],"strategies":[128],"inner":[131],"city;":[132],"and,":[133],"finally,":[134],"flexibility":[135],"informalization":[137],"light":[140],"industry.":[141],"Polanyi\u2019s":[142],"concept":[143,319],"modes":[145,321],"integration":[148],"(market,":[149],"redistribution":[150,328],"reciprocity)":[152],"offers":[153],"a":[154,163],"powerful":[155],"tool":[156],"understand":[158],"set":[164],"interrelations":[166],"households":[168],"other":[170],"gain":[176],"access":[177],"living":[180],"resources":[181],"\u2014":[182],"Ce":[183],"texte":[184],"analyse":[185],"les":[186,253,257,264,275,299],"entre":[188,348],"diff\u00e9rentes":[189],"cat\u00e9gories":[190,224,270],"d\u2019activit\u00e9s":[191,271],"\u00e9conomiques":[192,243,272,340,353],"informelles":[193,226,244,273,341],"et":[194,209,256,274,283,310,313,329,350],"leur":[195,250],"r\u00e9partition":[196],"spatiale":[197],"\u00e0":[198,214,222,288,304,358],"Bruxelles.":[199,289],"Les":[200],"micro":[202],"(les":[203],"m\u00e9nages":[204,349],"en":[205,228,277,342],"tant":[206,343],"qu\u2019agents":[207],"\u00e9conomiques)":[208],"(l\u2019\u00e9conomie":[211],"informelle":[212],"li\u00e9e":[213],"la":[215,297,305,311],"r\u00e9cession":[216,306],"\u00e9conomique)":[217],"sont":[218],"combin\u00e9es":[219],"pour":[220,245,336],"aboutir":[221],"des":[223,241],"d\u2019activit\u2019\u00e9s\u2019\u00e9conomiques":[225],"homog\u00e8nes":[227],"termes":[229],"de":[230,267,286,301,315,320,324],"logique":[231],"spatiale.":[232],"Dans":[233],"une":[234],"premi\u00e8re":[235],"partie":[236,262],"nous":[237],"consid\u00e9rons":[238],"plusieurs":[239],"activit\u00e9s":[242,339],"\u00e9valuer":[246],"au":[247],"niveau":[248],"th\u00e9orique":[249],"avec":[252,279],"types":[254],"d\u2019acteurs":[255],"logiques":[258],"spatiales.":[259],"La":[260],"seconde":[261],"d\u00e9crit":[263],"d\u2019?\u0081tre":[266],"trois":[268],"grandes":[269],"met":[276],"le":[280,293,308],"d\u00e9veloppement":[281],"urbain":[282],"leurs":[284,359],"milieux":[285],"On":[290],"distingue":[291],"ainsi":[292],"secteur":[294],"domestique":[295],"li\u00e9\u00e0":[296],"p\u00e9ri\u2010urbanisation,":[298],"strat\u00e9gies":[300],"survie":[302],"li\u00e9es":[303],"dans":[307],"centre\u2010ville":[309],"flexibilit\u00e9":[312],"l\u2019informalisation":[314],"l\u2019industrie":[316],"urbaine.":[317],"Le":[318],"d\u2019int\u00e9gration":[322],"\u00e9conomique":[323],"Polanyi":[325],"(\u00e9change":[326],"marchand,":[327],"r\u00e9ciprocit\u00e9)":[330],"constitue":[331],"un":[332],"outil":[333],"d\u2019analyse":[334],"efficace":[335],"comprendre":[337],"ces":[338],"que":[344],"combinaisons":[345],"pr\u00e9cises":[346],"d\u2019interrelations":[347],"autres":[351],"acteurs":[352],"permettant":[354],"aux":[355],"premiers":[356],"d\u2019acc\u00e9der":[357],"moyens":[360],"d\u2019existence.":[361]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
