{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997011569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00957004","title":"Direct instruction: What it is and what it is becoming","display_name":"Direct instruction: What it is and what it is becoming","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997011569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00957004","mag":"1997011569"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00957004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00957004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00957004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90932718","display_name":"Journal of Behavioral Education","issn_l":"1053-0819","issn":["1053-0819","1573-3513"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Behavioral Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086134858","display_name":"Diane Kinder","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102502594","display_name":"Northern Illinois University","ror":"https://ror.org/012wxa772","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diane Kinder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor,\n        Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling and Special Education, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois","Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling and Special Education, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor,\n        Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling and Special Education, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling and Special Education, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036172095","display_name":"Douglas W. Carnine","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181233156","display_name":"University of Oregon","ror":"https://ror.org/0293rh119","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas Carnine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor of Teacher Education,\n        University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon","University of Oregon, Eugene"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Teacher Education,\n        University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oregon, Eugene","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0615,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96698113,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"193","last_page":"213"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.5967000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.5967000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14301","display_name":"Educational methodologies and cognitive development","score":0.11500000208616257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.08540000021457672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-instruction","display_name":"direct instruction","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogical-principles","display_name":"teaching principles","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/follow-through","display_name":"follow-through","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-income-students","display_name":"low-income students","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"educational technology","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-order-thinking-skills","display_name":"higher-order thinking skills","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-effectiveness","display_name":"teaching effectiveness","score":0.32199999690055847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6245831251144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.608734667301178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.44716015458106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00957004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00957004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00957004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90932718","display_name":"Journal of Behavioral Education","issn_l":"1053-0819","issn":["1053-0819","1573-3513"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Behavioral Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9901999831199646}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30633265","https://openalex.org/W78934358","https://openalex.org/W87354671","https://openalex.org/W96525139","https://openalex.org/W104821371","https://openalex.org/W181971892","https://openalex.org/W271535422","https://openalex.org/W291854443","https://openalex.org/W304818896","https://openalex.org/W338021499","https://openalex.org/W642495931","https://openalex.org/W1487291459","https://openalex.org/W1509241157","https://openalex.org/W1543471843","https://openalex.org/W1562354573","https://openalex.org/W1600912621","https://openalex.org/W1741574661","https://openalex.org/W1797633347","https://openalex.org/W1941366960","https://openalex.org/W1976131025","https://openalex.org/W1977900400","https://openalex.org/W1990748676","https://openalex.org/W2005923160","https://openalex.org/W2010466738","https://openalex.org/W2014919056","https://openalex.org/W2020906544","https://openalex.org/W2028408125","https://openalex.org/W2030061947","https://openalex.org/W2037195671","https://openalex.org/W2038748144","https://openalex.org/W2047781455","https://openalex.org/W2053793974","https://openalex.org/W2057131462","https://openalex.org/W2059097639","https://openalex.org/W2084823811","https://openalex.org/W2094477902","https://openalex.org/W2099051240","https://openalex.org/W2103558309","https://openalex.org/W2104110726","https://openalex.org/W2105225383","https://openalex.org/W2107072703","https://openalex.org/W2114853958","https://openalex.org/W2118869194","https://openalex.org/W2138314033","https://openalex.org/W2151716436","https://openalex.org/W2166910533","https://openalex.org/W2171807702","https://openalex.org/W2509400640","https://openalex.org/W2571871286","https://openalex.org/W2728166326","https://openalex.org/W3090455045","https://openalex.org/W3140099925","https://openalex.org/W3151322079","https://openalex.org/W3185163171","https://openalex.org/W4238417653","https://openalex.org/W4250987763","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6604328416"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099051240","https://openalex.org/W44348808","https://openalex.org/W2173637871","https://openalex.org/W1906263353","https://openalex.org/W201935439","https://openalex.org/W1854941877","https://openalex.org/W1593512087","https://openalex.org/W279868498","https://openalex.org/W2060259254","https://openalex.org/W264463055"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}