{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1996943337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-198109000-00003","title":"The Development of an Instrument to Measure Social Support","display_name":"The Development of an Instrument to Measure Social Support","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1996943337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-198109000-00003","mag":"1996943337","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7027185"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00006199-198109000-00003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-198109000-00003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-198109000-00003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57227388","display_name":"Nursing Research","issn_l":"0029-6562","issn":["0029-6562","1538-9847"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nursing Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025659374","display_name":"Jane S. Norbeck","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JANE S. NORBECK","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant professor in the Department of Mental Health and Community Nursing, the University of California, San Francisco.(Norbeck)","Assistant professor in the Department of Nursing in Biological Dysfunction at the University of California, San Francisco.(Carrieri)","Associate professor and chairperson of the Department of Nursing in Biological Dysfunction at the University of California, San Francisco.(Lindsky)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant professor in the Department of Mental Health and Community Nursing, the University of California, San Francisco.(Norbeck)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant professor in the Department of Nursing in Biological Dysfunction at the University of California, San Francisco.(Carrieri)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate professor and chairperson of the Department of Nursing in Biological Dysfunction at the University of California, San Francisco.(Lindsky)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035017729","display_name":"Ada M. Lindsey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ADA M. LINDSEY","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant professor in the Department of Mental Health and Community Nursing, the University of California, San Francisco.(Norbeck)","Assistant professor in the Department of Nursing in Biological Dysfunction at the University of California, San Francisco.(Carrieri)","Associate professor and chairperson of the Department of Nursing in Biological Dysfunction at the University of California, San Francisco.(Lindsky)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant professor in the Department of Mental Health and Community Nursing, the University of California, San Francisco.(Norbeck)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant professor in the Department of Nursing in Biological Dysfunction at the University of California, San Francisco.(Carrieri)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate professor and chairperson of the Department of Nursing in Biological Dysfunction at the University of California, San Francisco.(Lindsky)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018209228","display_name":"Virginia L. Carrieri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"VIRGINIA L. CARRIERI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant professor in the Department of Mental Health and Community Nursing, the University of California, San Francisco.(Norbeck)","Assistant professor in the Department of Nursing in Biological Dysfunction at the University of California, San Francisco.(Carrieri)","Associate professor and chairperson of the Department of Nursing in Biological Dysfunction at the University of California, San Francisco.(Lindsky)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant professor in the Department of Mental Health and Community Nursing, the University of California, San Francisco.(Norbeck)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant professor in the Department of Nursing in Biological Dysfunction at the University of California, San Francisco.(Carrieri)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate professor and chairperson of the Department of Nursing in Biological Dysfunction at the University of California, San Francisco.(Lindsky)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":45.9254,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":722,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99798387,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"5","first_page":"264???269","last_page":"264???269"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13117","display_name":"Health Education and Validation","score":0.8604000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2922","display_name":"Research and Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13117","display_name":"Health Education and Validation","score":0.8604000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2922","display_name":"Research and Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.09179999679327011,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14313","display_name":"Health and Well-being Studies","score":0.027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-support","display_name":"social support","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrument-development","display_name":"instrument development","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-support-measurement","display_name":"social support measurement","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-networks","display_name":"social networks","score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-loss","display_name":"social loss","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-social-support","display_name":"functional social support","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing-students","display_name":"nursing students","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-retest-reliability","display_name":"test-retest reliability","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-consistency","display_name":"internal consistency","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concurrent-validity","display_name":"concurrent validity","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-desirability-bias","display_name":"social desirability bias","score":0.8610000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.7411500215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7208056449890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5864171385765076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49453240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163","display_name":"Construct validity","level":3,"score":0.5863199830055237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5790264010429382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778087770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297111","display_name":"Social support","level":2,"score":0.5151225924491882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.467928409576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4427776634693146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.43171101808547974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018868096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2693233","display_name":"Internal consistency","level":3,"score":0.4237709939479828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3616557717323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.3589060604572296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3066033124923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13051247596740723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10690638422966003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007398","descriptor_name":"Interpersonal Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011581","descriptor_name":"Psychological Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012931","descriptor_name":"Social Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012963","descriptor_name":"Sociometric Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013338","descriptor_name":"Students, Nursing","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00006199-198109000-00003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-198109000-00003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-198109000-00003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57227388","display_name":"Nursing Research","issn_l":"0029-6562","issn":["0029-6562","1538-9847"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nursing Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7027185","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7027185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nursing research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2396692636","https://openalex.org/W2035974961","https://openalex.org/W4300823677","https://openalex.org/W2049146039","https://openalex.org/W788962209","https://openalex.org/W2003619445","https://openalex.org/W2333272643","https://openalex.org/W4413868031","https://openalex.org/W3157092200","https://openalex.org/W4256633940"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"describes":[2],"the":[3,9,38,109,126,130],"development":[4],"of":[5,19,28,65,71,88,103,129],"a":[6],"new":[7],"instrument,":[8],"Norbeck":[10],"Social":[11],"Support":[12],"Questionnaire,":[13],"designed":[14],"to":[15,95,107],"measure":[16],"multiple":[17],"dimensions":[18],"social":[20,29,78],"support.":[21],"Based":[22],"on":[23],"Kahn's":[24],"(1979)":[25],"conceptual":[26],"definitions":[27,32],"support":[30],"and":[31,47,54,74,85,115,123],"from":[33],"network":[34],"theory":[35],"(Barnes,":[36],"1972),":[37],"instrument":[39],"has":[40],"three":[41,51],"main":[42],"variables--Total":[43],"Functional,":[44],"Total":[45,48],"Network,":[46],"Loss--each":[49],"with":[50],"subscales.":[52],"Graduate":[53],"undergraduate":[55],"nursing":[56],"students":[57,104],"were":[58,91,105,117],"used":[59],"as":[60],"subjects":[61],"in":[62],"this":[63,113],"phase":[64],"testing,":[66],"which":[67],"established":[68],"high":[69],"levels":[70,87],"test-retest":[72],"reliability":[73],"internal":[75],"consistency.":[76],"The":[77],"desirability":[79],"response":[80],"bias":[81],"was":[82],"ruled":[83],"out,":[84],"moderate":[86],"concurrent":[89],"validity":[90,98],"found.":[92],"Additional":[93],"work":[94],"establish":[96],"construct":[97],"is":[99],"needed.":[100],"Two":[101],"groups":[102],"compared":[106],"study":[108],"normative":[110],"trend":[111],"for":[112,120],"population,":[114],"differences":[116],"minimal":[118],"except":[119],"recent":[121],"losses":[122],"aid,":[124],"reflecting":[125],"actual":[127],"situations":[128],"two":[131],"groups.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":27}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
