{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1996885665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2007.1693","title":"Mitochondrial Redox Cycling of Mitoquinone Leads to Superoxide Production and Cellular Apoptosis","display_name":"Mitochondrial Redox Cycling of Mitoquinone Leads to Superoxide Production and Cellular Apoptosis","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1996885665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2007.1693","mag":"1996885665","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17854275"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1089/ars.2007.1693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2007.1693","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2007.1693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88052261","display_name":"Antioxidants and Redox Signaling","issn_l":"1523-0864","issn":["1523-0864","1557-7716"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Antioxidants &amp; Redox Signaling","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030313900","display_name":"Abdulrahman K. Doughan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulrahman K. Doughan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Free Radical in Medicine Core, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia","Free Radical in Medicine Core, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Free Radical in Medicine Core, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Free Radical in Medicine Core, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086468930","display_name":"Sergey Dikalov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2976-6184","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2976-6184"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergey I. Dikalov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Free Radical in Medicine Core, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Free Radical in Medicine Core, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0257,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":174,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95489557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"11","first_page":"1825","last_page":"1836"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10301","display_name":"Mitochondrial Function and Pathology","score":0.8198000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10301","display_name":"Mitochondrial Function and Pathology","score":0.8198000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13012","display_name":"Coenzyme Q10 studies and effects","score":0.10639999806880951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12356","display_name":"Bioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents","score":0.046300001442432404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitoquinone","display_name":"mitoquinone","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redox-cycling","display_name":"redox cycling","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superoxide-production","display_name":"superoxide production","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitochondrial-ros","display_name":"mitochondrial reactive oxygen species","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitochondrial-complex-i","display_name":"mitochondrial complex I","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endothelial-cell-apoptosis","display_name":"endothelial cell apoptosis","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pro-oxidant-effect","display_name":"pro-oxidant activity","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nadph-cytochrome-p450-reductase","display_name":"NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ubiquinone-10","display_name":"ubiquinone-10","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/menadione","display_name":"menadione","score":0.699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780795997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413283","display_name":"Superoxide","level":3,"score":0.8170206546783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48349386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424361","display_name":"Reactive oxygen species","level":2,"score":0.726513147354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28859421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39572","display_name":"Mitochondrion","level":2,"score":0.662814736366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60538801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631706","display_name":"Submitochondrial particle","level":3,"score":0.5782741904258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778175917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17125553","display_name":"Mitochondrial ROS","level":3,"score":0.57066410779953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.5252774953842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29311851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408223","display_name":"Cytochrome c","level":3,"score":0.5144003033638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.47865045070648193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775838275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410776","display_name":"Superoxide dismutase","level":3,"score":0.45918601751327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative stress","level":2,"score":0.3972652554512024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.37560516595840454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.36671245098114014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.11811879277229309}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001011","descriptor_name":"Aorta","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002417","descriptor_name":"Cattle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002851","descriptor_name":"Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004305","descriptor_name":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004578","descriptor_name":"Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004730","descriptor_name":"Endothelium, Vascular","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006861","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen Peroxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007700","descriptor_name":"Kinetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008928","descriptor_name":"Mitochondria","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008928","descriptor_name":"Mitochondria","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009943","descriptor_name":"Organophosphorus Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009943","descriptor_name":"Organophosphorus Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010084","descriptor_name":"Oxidation-Reduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013347","descriptor_name":"Subcellular Fractions","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013347","descriptor_name":"Subcellular Fractions","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013481","descriptor_name":"Superoxides","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014451","descriptor_name":"Ubiquinone","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014451","descriptor_name":"Ubiquinone","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014451","descriptor_name":"Ubiquinone","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015394","descriptor_name":"Molecular Structure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017209","descriptor_name":"Apoptosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017382","descriptor_name":"Reactive Oxygen Species","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024483","descriptor_name":"Vitamin K 3","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D042783","descriptor_name":"Endothelial Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D042783","descriptor_name":"Endothelial Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D042967","descriptor_name":"Electron Transport Complex I","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1089/ars.2007.1693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2007.1693","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2007.1693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88052261","display_name":"Antioxidants and Redox Signaling","issn_l":"1523-0864","issn":["1523-0864","1557-7716"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Antioxidants &amp; Redox Signaling","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17854275","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17854275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Antioxidants & redox signaling","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G205836442","display_name":"Modulation of Vascular Function--Reactive Oxygen Species","funder_award_id":"5p01hl075209-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G482859759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P0-1 HL-075209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6633342236","display_name":"Interactions Between Inflammation, Oxidant Stress and Cardiovascular Disease","funder_award_id":"P01HL058000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523213544","https://openalex.org/W1763772253","https://openalex.org/W1969628253","https://openalex.org/W1971215002","https://openalex.org/W1976216345","https://openalex.org/W1979781187","https://openalex.org/W1983737836","https://openalex.org/W1986790448","https://openalex.org/W1996971085","https://openalex.org/W2004981183","https://openalex.org/W2010524294","https://openalex.org/W2012770842","https://openalex.org/W2017692041","https://openalex.org/W2030155718","https://openalex.org/W2032353647","https://openalex.org/W2044142994","https://openalex.org/W2045416175","https://openalex.org/W2050118590","https://openalex.org/W2057683250","https://openalex.org/W2063819610","https://openalex.org/W2064176864","https://openalex.org/W2077120170","https://openalex.org/W2086273061","https://openalex.org/W2087003953","https://openalex.org/W2089617988","https://openalex.org/W2098303916","https://openalex.org/W2114280746","https://openalex.org/W2147849026","https://openalex.org/W2161546338","https://openalex.org/W2808327857","https://openalex.org/W4295935051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971215002","https://openalex.org/W2108643578","https://openalex.org/W2077120170","https://openalex.org/W1964964493","https://openalex.org/W1954131635","https://openalex.org/W2017692041","https://openalex.org/W2010524294","https://openalex.org/W4402279445","https://openalex.org/W7073657090","https://openalex.org/W2073180213"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"mitochondria-targeted":[1],"drug":[2],"mitoquinone":[3,216],"(MitoQ)":[4],"has":[5,20],"been":[6,21],"used":[7],"as":[8,173,175,217],"an":[9,218],"antioxidant":[10,219],"that":[11,54,138,190],"may":[12,192],"selectively":[13],"block":[14],"mitochondrial":[15,49,106,170],"oxidative":[16],"damage;":[17],"however,":[18],"it":[19],"recently":[22],"suggested":[23,137],"to":[24,154],"increase":[25,95],"reactive":[26],"oxygen":[27],"species":[28],"(ROS)":[29],"generation":[30],"in":[31,55,92,96,123,203],"malate-":[32],"and":[33,48,73,152,181,195,206],"glutamate-fueled":[34],"mitochondria.":[35],"To":[36],"address":[37],"this":[38],"controversy,":[39],"we":[40],"studied":[41],"the":[42,139,155,163],"effects":[43],"of":[44,81,86,142,166,211],"MitoQ":[45,65,90,102,143,167,191],"on":[46,116,148,168],"endothelial":[47,87,127,184],"ROS":[50,107,117],"production.":[51,98,118,208],"We":[52],"found":[53],"a":[56,67,93],"cell-free":[57],"system":[58],"with":[59,78,89,111,133,223],"flavin-containing":[60],"enzyme":[61],"cytochrome":[62],"P-450":[63],"reductase,":[64],"is":[66],"very":[68],"efficient":[69],"redox":[70,140,164,204],"cycling":[71,141,165,205],"agent":[72],"produced":[74],"more":[75],"superoxide":[76,97,207],"compared":[77],"equal":[79],"concentrations":[80],"menadione":[82],"(10-1,000":[83],"nM).":[84],"Treatment":[85],"cells":[88,128],"resulted":[91],"dramatic":[94],"In":[99,209],"isolated":[100,125],"mitochondria,":[101],"increased":[103,183],"complex":[104,149,171],"I-driven":[105],"production,":[108],"whereas":[109],"supplementation":[110],"ubiquinone-10":[112],"had":[113],"no":[114],"effect":[115],"Similar":[119],"results":[120],"were":[121],"observed":[122],"mitochondria":[124],"from":[126],"incubated":[129],"for":[130],"1":[131],"h":[132],"MitoQ.":[134],"Inhibitor":[135],"analysis":[136],"occurred":[144],"at":[145],"two":[146],"sites":[147],"I,":[150],"proximal":[151],"distal":[153],"rotenone-binding":[156],"site.":[157],"This":[158],"was":[159],"confirmed":[160],"by":[161],"demonstrating":[162],"purified":[169],"I":[172],"well":[174],"NADH-fueled":[176],"submitochondrial":[177],"particles.":[178],"Mitoquinone":[179],"time-":[180],"dose-dependently":[182],"cell":[185],"apoptosis.":[186],"These":[187],"findings":[188],"demonstrate":[189],"be":[193,221],"prooxidant":[194],"proapoptotic":[196],"because":[197],"its":[198],"quinone":[199],"group":[200],"can":[201],"participate":[202],"light":[210],"these":[212],"results,":[213],"studies":[214],"using":[215],"should":[220],"interpreted":[222],"caution.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
