{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1996554044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001052","title":"The Effect of Handwashing at Recommended Times with Water Alone and With Soap on Child Diarrhea in Rural Bangladesh: An Observational Study","display_name":"The Effect of Handwashing at Recommended Times with Water Alone and With Soap on Child Diarrhea in Rural Bangladesh: An Observational Study","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1996554044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001052","mag":"1996554044","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21738452","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3125291"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001052","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001052&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197939330","display_name":"PLoS Medicine","issn_l":"1549-1277","issn":["1549-1277","1549-1676"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001052&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035517653","display_name":"Stephen P. Luby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-899X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-899X","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0520-2683"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205889620","display_name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04vsvr128","country_code":"BD","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205889620"]}],"countries":["BD","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen P. Luby","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. sluby@icddrb.org","Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America","International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. sluby@icddrb.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205889620"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205889620"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108086296","display_name":"Amal K. Halder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7933-271X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7933-271X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205889620","display_name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04vsvr128","country_code":"BD","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205889620"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amal K. Halder","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205889620"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036002684","display_name":"Tarique Md. Nurul Huda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9934-0739","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9934-0739"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205889620","display_name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04vsvr128","country_code":"BD","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205889620"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tarique Huda","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205889620"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039005269","display_name":"LEANNE E. UNICOMB","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7757-5641","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7757-5641"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205889620","display_name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04vsvr128","country_code":"BD","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205889620"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leanne Unicomb","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205889620"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111851875","display_name":"Richard Bart Johnston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1711-412X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1711-412X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard B. Johnston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Water and Environmental Sanitation Section, UNICEF Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Water and Environmental Sanitation Section, UNICEF Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035517653"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I205889620"],"apc_list":{"value":6460,"currency":"USD","value_usd":6460},"apc_paid":{"value":6460,"currency":"USD","value_usd":6460},"fwci":12.0035,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":221,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99164182,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"e1001052","last_page":"e1001052"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11957","display_name":"Food Safety and Hygiene","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10976","display_name":"Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwashing","display_name":"hand washing","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-hygiene","display_name":"hand hygiene","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-diarrhea","display_name":"childhood diarrhea","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soap","display_name":"soap","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooking","display_name":"cooking","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwashing-behavior","display_name":"handwashing behavior","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-mortality","display_name":"child mortality","score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-bangladesh","display_name":"rural Bangladesh","score":0.6520000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8022016882896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547646559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162297","display_name":"Hygiene","level":2,"score":0.763323187828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779802037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40878","display_name":"Diarrhea","level":2,"score":0.7399569749832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777919664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552461","display_name":"Hand washing","level":3,"score":0.6754987239837646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.6571944952011108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.6207332015037537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.579084038734436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.567825436592102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5281609892845154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.4785274267196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108797546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204015","display_name":"Defecation","level":2,"score":0.4567566514015198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.33712640404701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.129283607006073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.10929614305496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001459","descriptor_name":"Bangladesh","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003672","descriptor_name":"Defecation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003967","descriptor_name":"Diarrhea","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003967","descriptor_name":"Diarrhea","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005191","descriptor_name":"Family Characteristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006235","descriptor_name":"Hand Disinfection","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006293","descriptor_name":"Health Promotion","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006920","descriptor_name":"Hygiene","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007722","descriptor_name":"Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010290","descriptor_name":"Parents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012915","descriptor_name":"Soaps","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015438","descriptor_name":"Health Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015999","descriptor_name":"Multivariate Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016017","descriptor_name":"Odds Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001052","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001052&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197939330","display_name":"PLoS Medicine","issn_l":"1549-1277","issn":["1549-1277","1549-1676"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3125291","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3125291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:21738452","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21738452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.290.5775","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.290.5775","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/35/89/PLoS_Med_2011_Jun_28_8(6)_e1001052.tar.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c54beab3b56743f781561bb6671d3a8c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c54beab3b56743f781561bb6671d3a8c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 6, p e1001052 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/1vnqt-dfb39","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/1vnqt-dfb39","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/1vnqt-dfb39","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/gmp46-d9d95","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/gmp46-d9d95","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/gmp46-d9d95","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001052","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001052&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197939330","display_name":"PLoS Medicine","issn_l":"1549-1277","issn":["1549-1277","1549-1676"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.40709999203681946}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307799","display_name":"Procter and Gamble","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkns738"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309209","display_name":"UNICEF","ror":"https://ror.org/02dg0pv02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321637","display_name":"Department for International Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05rf29967"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1996554044.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1996554044.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33396751","https://openalex.org/W93793866","https://openalex.org/W324538766","https://openalex.org/W1557408388","https://openalex.org/W1604913362","https://openalex.org/W1909333507","https://openalex.org/W1911314546","https://openalex.org/W1968274808","https://openalex.org/W1968853861","https://openalex.org/W1974000671","https://openalex.org/W1982008564","https://openalex.org/W1990290150","https://openalex.org/W2004290198","https://openalex.org/W2027562815","https://openalex.org/W2063640799","https://openalex.org/W2064486318","https://openalex.org/W2068674088","https://openalex.org/W2079021852","https://openalex.org/W2103352018","https://openalex.org/W2106965213","https://openalex.org/W2111572123","https://openalex.org/W2112313613","https://openalex.org/W2121855821","https://openalex.org/W2122748548","https://openalex.org/W2125283905","https://openalex.org/W2133959349","https://openalex.org/W2138758827","https://openalex.org/W2142464152","https://openalex.org/W2144963709","https://openalex.org/W2145738899","https://openalex.org/W2146822505","https://openalex.org/W2149480785","https://openalex.org/W2150644597","https://openalex.org/W2155273471","https://openalex.org/W2162391545","https://openalex.org/W2164611667","https://openalex.org/W2168683655","https://openalex.org/W2172299905","https://openalex.org/W2197578086","https://openalex.org/W2222799119","https://openalex.org/W2273833189","https://openalex.org/W2283238719","https://openalex.org/W2304758321","https://openalex.org/W2463387178"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099154695","https://openalex.org/W2768685801","https://openalex.org/W2165965969","https://openalex.org/W2369794627","https://openalex.org/W2066770519","https://openalex.org/W3216783429","https://openalex.org/W2096628978","https://openalex.org/W2957905577","https://openalex.org/W7077073626","https://openalex.org/W7100659106"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Standard":[1],"public":[2],"health":[3],"interventions":[4],"to":[5,20,41,68,265],"improve":[6],"hand":[7,168,193,210],"hygiene":[8],"in":[9,38,62,92,101,128,146,158],"communities":[10],"with":[11,24,45,143,169,182,194,211,229,272],"high":[12],"levels":[13],"of":[14,114,126,139],"child":[15,249],"mortality":[16],"encourage":[17],"community":[18,110],"residents":[19,135,205],"wash":[21,43],"their":[22,154],"hands":[23,44,181],"soap":[25,46,195,212,232],"at":[26,165,190,207],"five":[27],"separate":[28],"key":[29],"times,":[30],"a":[31,63,84,89,108,235,242,261],"recommendation":[32],"that":[33,58,255,270],"would":[34],"require":[35],"mothers":[36],"living":[37,145,157],"impoverished":[39],"households":[40,57,94,117,147,159,203],"typically":[42],"more":[47],"than":[48],"ten":[49],"times":[50],"per":[51],"day.":[52],"We":[53],"analyzed":[54],"data":[55],"from":[56,95],"received":[59],"no":[60,224],"intervention":[61],"large":[64],"prospective":[65],"project":[66],"evaluation":[67],"assess":[69],"the":[70,104,115,124,129,137,161],"relationship":[71],"between":[72,227],"observed":[73],"handwashing":[74,228,256,271],"behavior":[75],"and":[76,88,120,247,269],"subsequent":[77,105,248],"diarrhea.":[78,201,250,279],"METHODS":[79],"AND":[80],"FINDINGS:":[81],"Fieldworkers":[82],"conducted":[83],"5-hour":[85],"structured":[86],"observation":[87],"cross-sectional":[90],"survey":[91],"347":[93],"50":[96],"villages":[97],"across":[98],"rural":[99],"Bangladesh":[100],"2007.":[102],"For":[103],"2":[106],"years,":[107],"trained":[109],"resident":[111],"visited":[112],"each":[113],"enrolled":[116],"every":[118],"month":[119],"collected":[121],"information":[122],"on":[123],"occurrence":[125],"diarrhea":[127,218],"preceding":[130],"48":[131],"hours":[132],"among":[133],"household":[134],"under":[136],"age":[138],"5":[140],"years.":[141],"Compared":[142],"children":[144,156,215],"where":[148,160,204],"persons":[149],"prepared":[150],"food":[151,162,259],"without":[152,231],"washing":[153],"hands,":[155],"preparer":[163],"washed":[164,179,189,206],"least":[166,191,208],"one":[167,192,209],"water":[170,183,273],"only":[171,184],"(odds":[172],"ratio":[173],"[OR]=0.78;":[174],"95%":[175,186,197,220],"confidence":[176],"interval":[177],"[CI]=0.57-1.05),":[178],"both":[180],"(OR=0.67;":[185],"CI=0.51-0.89),":[187],"or":[188,230,239],"(OR=0.30;":[196],"CI=0.19-0.47)":[198],"had":[199,216],"less":[200,217],"In":[202],"after":[213,240],"defecation,":[214],"(OR=0.45;":[219],"CI=0.26-0.77).":[221],"There":[222],"was":[223],"significant":[225],"association":[226],"before":[233,237,257],"feeding":[234],"child,":[236],"eating,":[238],"cleaning":[241],"child's":[243],"anus":[244],"who":[245],"defecated":[246],"CONCLUSIONS:":[251],"These":[252],"observations":[253],"suggest":[254],"preparing":[258],"is":[260],"particularly":[262],"important":[263],"opportunity":[264],"prevent":[266],"childhood":[267,278],"diarrhea,":[268],"alone":[274],"can":[275],"significantly":[276],"reduce":[277]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
