{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1996473553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/saf.2006.0012","title":"Sympathetic Listening in Frederick Douglass's \"The Heroic Slave\" and My Bondage and My Freedom","display_name":"Sympathetic Listening in Frederick Douglass's \"The Heroic Slave\" and My Bondage and My Freedom","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1996473553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/saf.2006.0012","mag":"1996473553"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/saf.2006.0012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/saf.2006.0012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/saf.2006.0012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86996156","display_name":"Studies in American fiction","issn_l":"0091-8083","issn":["0091-8083","2158-5806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315678","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315678","https://openalex.org/P4310316510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johns Hopkins University Press","Johns Hopkins University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in American Fiction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003478087","display_name":"Marianne Noble","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8336-2340","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8336-2340"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marianne Noble","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003478087"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23011143,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"1","first_page":"53","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12144","display_name":"Colonialism, slavery, and trade","score":0.6567000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12144","display_name":"Colonialism, slavery, and trade","score":0.6567000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14494","display_name":"American Literature and Culture","score":0.07370000332593918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11982","display_name":"Rhetoric and Communication Studies","score":0.06430000066757202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-heroic-slave","display_name":"The Heroic Slave","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/my-bondage-and-my-freedom","display_name":"My Bondage and My Freedom","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ralph-waldo-emerson","display_name":"Ralph Waldo Emerson","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antislavery","display_name":"antislavery","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/witnessing","display_name":"witnessing","score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-violence","display_name":"physical violence","score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abolitionism","display_name":"abolitionism","score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcendentalism","display_name":"transcendentalism","score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scapegoating","display_name":"scapegoating","score":0.5690000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779115301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752118","display_name":"Sympathy","level":2,"score":0.667850136756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.6630609035491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779768198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488085","display_name":"Kindness","level":2,"score":0.6236799955368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777976675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2724817","display_name":"Pity","level":2,"score":0.5887184739112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780090960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194489","display_name":"Salary","level":2,"score":0.44677120447158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779808665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17010072","display_name":"Militant","level":3,"score":0.41152238845825195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.33822739124298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.32969599962234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.3267751932144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3002558648586273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.23355883359909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.21029365062713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.17077887058258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.1445830762386322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/saf.2006.0012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/saf.2006.0012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/saf.2006.0012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86996156","display_name":"Studies in American fiction","issn_l":"0091-8083","issn":["0091-8083","2158-5806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315678","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315678","https://openalex.org/P4310316510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johns Hopkins University Press","Johns Hopkins University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in American Fiction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W560885640","https://openalex.org/W567027468","https://openalex.org/W581253154","https://openalex.org/W1537882436","https://openalex.org/W1568707454","https://openalex.org/W2030400411","https://openalex.org/W2079648150","https://openalex.org/W2107210401","https://openalex.org/W2314903995","https://openalex.org/W2317032951","https://openalex.org/W2327133491","https://openalex.org/W2739303537","https://openalex.org/W2798040964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W604910531","https://openalex.org/W2933212767","https://openalex.org/W4236272569","https://openalex.org/W2974819057","https://openalex.org/W2497713868","https://openalex.org/W4311857590","https://openalex.org/W4248401113","https://openalex.org/W6986041558","https://openalex.org/W3117857434","https://openalex.org/W2294237298"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SYMPATHETIC":[0],"LISTENING":[1],"IN":[2],"FREDERICK":[3],"DOUGLASS'S":[4],"\"THE":[5],"HEROIC":[6],"SLAVE\"":[7],"AND":[8,11],"MY":[9,12],"BONDAGE":[10],"FREEDOM":[13],"Marianne":[14],"Noble":[15,384],"American":[16,684],"University":[17],"While":[18],"Frederick":[19],"Douglass":[20,89,110,147,270,385,501,573,633],"was":[21,150,178,189],"a":[22,26,32,91,226,262,287,431,487,522,533,546,610,635,676],"slave":[23],"employed":[24],"in":[25,28,63,73,98,118,206,286,290,314,324,467,494,515,584,618,631,651,662],"shipyard":[27],"Baltimore,":[29],"he":[30,317,328,606],"endured":[31],"highly":[33],"public":[34],"attack.":[35],"Diminishing":[36],"employment":[37],"opportunities":[38],"and":[39,54,93,95,125,128,157,182,209,281,321,358,391,396,400,444,477,508,526,532,538,568,599,629,641,647,658,667],"consequent":[40],"salary":[41],"pressures":[42],"had":[43],"led":[44],"white":[45,80,86],"workers":[46,87],"to":[47,60,65,135,200,214,225,297,334,367,378,402,417,438,460,512,529,609,643,669,679],"resent":[48],"the":[49,67,74,99,104,132,154,166,194,202,207,231,254,272,283,315,325,331,368,462,468,478,491,530,619,670],"competition":[50],"of":[51,76,106,141,168,204,233,258,261,275,308,350,355,376,389,394,434,442,449,453,464,480,490,518,536,543,551,557,593,621],"black":[52],"workers,":[53],"managers":[55],"were":[56,582],"all":[57],"too":[58],"willing":[59],"scapegoat":[61],"blacks":[62,257],"order":[64],"take":[66],"pressure":[68],"off":[69],"themselves.":[70],"One":[71],"day,":[72],"sight":[75],"at":[77,597,602],"least":[78],"fifty":[79],"men":[81],"who":[82],"stood":[83],"by,":[84],"four":[85],"pummeled":[88],"with":[90,218,278,336],"brick":[92],"hand-spike":[94],"kicked":[96],"him":[97,142,373,416],"eye.":[100],"The":[101,353,364],"attack":[102],"aroused":[103],"sympathy":[105,217,465,481,504,513,580,594,640],"his":[107,237,240,245,299,309,311,348,356,360,404,435,499,585],"owners.":[108],"When":[109],"got":[111],"home,":[112],"Sophia":[113],"AuId":[114,138,187,471],"\"was":[115],"again":[116],"melted":[117],"pity":[119],"toward":[120],"me.":[121],"My":[122],"puffed-out":[123],"eye,":[124],"my":[126,158],"scarred":[127],"blood-covered":[129],"face,":[130],"moved":[131,473],"dear":[133],"lady":[134],"tears.\"1":[136],"Mrs.":[137,186,470],"took":[139],"care":[140],"so":[143],"tenderly":[144],"that,":[145],"as":[146,252,406,613],"writes,":[148],"\"It":[149],"almost":[151,179],"compensation":[152],"for":[153,165,244,256,571],"murderous":[155],"assault,":[156],"suffering,":[159,520],"that":[160,293,375,482,503,581,589,653,664],"it":[161],"furnished":[162],"an":[163,267,344,420,439,614],"occasion":[164],"manifestation":[167],".":[169,170,171,497],"kindness\"":[172],"(BF,":[173],"235).":[174],"But":[175,323,457],"although":[176],"she":[177,210,229,445,458],"maternally":[180],"kind":[181],"loving":[183],"towards":[184],"Douglass,":[185],"nonetheless":[188],"not":[190,198,212,222,475,617],"politically":[191,600],"transformed":[192],"by":[193,347],"episode.":[195],"She":[196],"did":[197,211,221],"come":[199],"understand":[201],"role":[203,274,294,388,405],"racism":[205],"economy,":[208],"convert":[213],"anti-slavery.":[215],"Her":[216],"Frederick's":[219],"suffering":[220],"bring":[223],"her":[224,234],"position":[227],"where":[228],"understood":[230],"conditions":[232],"slave's":[235],"life,":[236],"extraordinary":[238],"intellect,":[239],"deeply":[241],"felt":[242],"aspirations":[243],"life.":[246],"Jeannine":[247],"DeLombard":[248,380,425],"interprets":[249],"this":[250,387,483],"scene":[251],"encapsulating":[253],"inaccessibility":[255],"Emerson's":[259],"ideal":[260],"transcendental":[263,301],"eyeball":[264,302],".2":[265],"As":[266],"anti-slavery":[268],"advocate":[269],"seeks":[271],"Emersonian":[273],"all-observing":[276],"critic":[277],"comprehensive":[279],"knowledge":[280,544,558],"without":[282],"partiality":[284],"inherent":[285],"subjectivity":[288],"grounded":[289,514],"corporeality.":[291],"However,":[292],"is":[295,303,318,341,374,472,486,510],"unavailable":[296],"him;":[298],"would-be":[300],"always":[304],"already":[305],"burst":[306],"because":[307],"race,":[310],"body.":[312],"Living":[313],"South,":[316],"both":[319],"brutalized":[320],"silenced.":[322],"North":[326],"too,":[327],"cannot":[329],"attain":[330],"respect":[332],"accruing":[333],"one":[335],"transcendent":[337],"vision":[338,357,399],"but":[339,474,624],"rather":[340],"constrained":[342],"into":[343],"identity":[345],"defined":[346],"experiences":[349],"physical":[351,519,622],"violence.":[352],"legitimacy":[354],"consequently":[359],"voice":[361,397,608],"are":[362,561,595],"limited.":[363],"only":[365],"contribution":[366,678],"cause":[369,489],"abolitionists":[370],"seek":[371],"from":[372,430],"witness":[377],"sufferings.":[379],"traces":[381],"how":[382,645],"54Marianne":[383],"rejects":[386,575],"eye-witness":[390],"chooses":[392],"metaphors":[393],"speaking":[395,509,646],"over":[398],"body":[401],"represent":[403],"antislavery":[407],"author.":[408],"What":[409],"Lacan":[410],"calls":[411],"\"the":[412],"scopic":[413],"regime\"":[414],"consigns":[415],"mere":[418],"corporeality;":[419],"aural":[421,440],"regime":[422],"does":[423],"not.":[424],"thoroughly":[426],"documents":[427],"Douglass's":[428,495],"turn":[429],"visual":[432,454,516,555,567,685],"sense":[433,441],"own":[436],"authorship":[437],"it,":[443],"explores":[446],"certain":[447,590],"aspects":[448],"why":[450],"such":[451],"study":[452],"culture":[455],"matters.":[456],"fails":[459],"address":[461],"critique":[463],"embedded":[466],"scene.":[469],"changed,":[476],"nature":[479],"fact":[484],"implies":[485],"primary":[488],"dramatic":[492],"shift":[493],"writing":[496],"In":[498,565,604],"writings,":[500],"indicates":[502],"gained":[505],"through":[506],"listening":[507,648],"superior":[511],"signs":[517,657],"providing":[521],"more":[523,547,562],"nuanced,":[524],"sensitive,":[525],"generous":[527],"relationship":[528],"other":[531],"greater":[534],"likelihood":[535],"political":[537],"psychic":[539],"transformation.":[540],"Aural":[541],"forms":[542,556],"avail":[545],"genuinely":[548],"connective":[549],"form":[550],"interpersonal":[552,660],"relations":[553],"than":[554],"can.":[559],"They":[560],"truly":[563],"sympathetic.":[564],"rejecting":[566],"corporeal":[569],"foundations":[570],"knowledge,":[572],"also":[574],"sentimental":[576,591],"abolitionist":[577],"misconconceptions":[578],"regarding":[579],"prominent":[583],"era.":[586],"He":[587],"suggests":[588],"definitions":[592],"insufficient":[596],"best":[598],"regressive":[601],"worst.":[603],"turn,":[605],"gives":[607],"definition":[611],"ofsympathy":[612],"emotion":[615],"rooted":[616,630],"universality":[620],"experience":[623],"instead":[625],"premised":[626],"upon":[627],"difference":[628],"dialogue.":[632],"places":[634],"high":[636],"value":[637],"on":[638,682],"true":[639],"strives":[642],"conceptualize":[644],"connect":[649],"people":[650],"ways":[652,663],"get":[654],"beyond":[655],"surface":[656],"establish":[659],"contact":[661],"feel":[665],"authentic":[666],"significant":[668,677],"individuals":[671],"involved.":[672],"This":[673],"claim":[674],"makes":[675],"contemporary":[680],"scholarship":[681],"African":[683],"culture.":[686],"Critics":[687],"have...":[688]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}