{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1996449025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e3182781410","title":"Policy-Relevant Proportions for Direct Effects","display_name":"Policy-Relevant Proportions for Direct Effects","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1996449025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e3182781410","mag":"1996449025","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23232624","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3523303"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e3182781410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e3182781410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e3182781410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15470582","display_name":"Epidemiology","issn_l":"1044-3983","issn":["1044-3983","1531-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3523303","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028103646","display_name":"Tyler J. VanderWeele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6112-0239","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6112-0239"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tyler J. VanderWeele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, [email\u00a0protected]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028103646"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8825,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":129,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91253505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"175","last_page":"176"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12010","display_name":"Evaluation and Performance Assessment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controlled-direct-effect","display_name":"controlled direct effect","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-direct-effect","display_name":"natural direct effect","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-indirect-effect","display_name":"natural indirect effect","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediation-analysis","display_name":"mediation analysis","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference","display_name":"causal inference","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-intervention","display_name":"counterfactual intervention","score":0.40400001406669617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.242348313331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1865759789943695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006291","descriptor_name":"Health Policy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015984","descriptor_name":"Causality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015987","descriptor_name":"Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016017","descriptor_name":"Odds Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e3182781410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e3182781410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e3182781410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15470582","display_name":"Epidemiology","issn_l":"1044-3983","issn":["1044-3983","1531-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23232624","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23232624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)","raw_type":"Letter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3523303","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3523303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3523303","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3523303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2767313279","display_name":"Bounds for direct and indirect effects with application to perinatal epidemiology","funder_award_id":"R03HD060696","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3811500185","display_name":"Theory and methods for sufficient cause interactions","funder_award_id":"R01ES017876","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971464691","https://openalex.org/W1973285887","https://openalex.org/W1993211119","https://openalex.org/W2010143351","https://openalex.org/W2125771903","https://openalex.org/W2132617827","https://openalex.org/W2136399003","https://openalex.org/W2156595908"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226278827","https://openalex.org/W2320662468","https://openalex.org/W2107059876","https://openalex.org/W7099252560","https://openalex.org/W2160610058","https://openalex.org/W7169926743","https://openalex.org/W4416072166","https://openalex.org/W2096578614","https://openalex.org/W1516777985","https://openalex.org/W4206861033"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"the":[1,6,34,37,43,62,98,106,109,112,126,129,134,138,141,144,152,155,158,166,169,172,221,224,227,233,279,288,291,294,297,330,339,342,345,364,367,370,373,383,412,422,425,433,436,439,449,457,460,463,470,473,507,537,547,555,562,566,569,574,581,587,591,594,597,603,608,626,629,634,639,642,646,658,664,674,685,697,709,715,718,728,732,737,748,755,765,771,774,789,805,812,816,820,823,828,835,839,846,860,863,867,872,889,913,953,987,1007,1018,1044,1047,1068,1071,1082,1087,1095,1107,1132,1142,1145,1148,1156,1164,1167,1170,1175,1178,1181,1187,1215,1227,1255,1269,1281],"Editor:":[2],"Contemporary":[3],"concepts":[4],"from":[5,168,258,435],"causal":[7,817],"inference":[8,818],"literature":[9],"have":[10,230,613,668,778,989,1124],"provided":[11],"definitions":[12],"of":[13,36,64,97,108,137,140,154,176,235,255,268,290,338,341,359,366,369,424,459,518,527,590,616,628,670,767,786,815,891,915,927,1046,1067,1070,1089,1141,1144,1163,1166,1177,1189,1218,1229,1241,1254,1257,1261,1275,1291,1297],"direct":[14,30,52,70,89,178,276,523,795,830,837,841,1020,1231,1245,1264],"and":[15,26,55,71,90,179,194,355,520,568,610,684,754,773,797,822,862,966,976,1009,1042,1122,1222,1246,1252,1265,1268,1293],"indirect":[16,57,72,91,180,588,1247,1266],"effects":[17,31,53,58,82,92,181,890,972,1267],"that":[18,206,326,350,356,375,565,573,708,986],"can":[19,486,803,1234],"be":[20,267,316,353,358,363,377,392,488,600,651,681,692,981,1036,1051,1235,1274],"used":[21,504],"in":[22,120,132,199,232,251,271,321,447,700,764,970,979,1130,1237],"models":[23],"with":[24,42,499,512,624,633,899,955],"interactions":[25],"nonlinearities.1,2":[27],"So-called":[28,50],"controlled":[29,275,522,829,1019,1230],"(CDEs)":[32],"assess":[33],"effect":[35,67,73,139,153,239,277,289,340,368,423,458,515,524,578,589,627,672,713,726,796,831,842,929,991,1021,1048,1069,1143,1165,1176,1217,1250],"exposure":[38,142,156,170,292,343,371,426,437,461,567,575,592,604,630,665,710,723,772,861,1146,1168,1179],"on":[39,143,157,293,329,344,372,411,462,540,579,593,673,714,727,896,910,973,992,1147,1155,1169,1180,1195,1204],"an":[40,310,671,768,905],"outcome":[41,159,295,374,464,595,675,716,1149,1171],"intermediate":[44,130,280,298,331,384,440,471,570,582,598,635,647,659,719,729,864],"fixed":[45,387,475],"to":[46,79,111,151,163,171,202,223,244,281,303,305,315,318,381,385,406,409,421,430,438,443,456,468,472,505,648,656,660,694,951,1026,1031,1102,1112,1174,1202],"a":[47,65,95,259,335,491,500,513,521,541,614,704,779,793,922,982,1238],"particular":[48,204,1205],"level.":[49],"natural":[51,56,177,445,794,836,840,1244,1263],"(NDEs)":[54],"(NIEs)":[59],"allow":[60],"for":[61,192,217,480,662,783,995,1033,1278],"decomposition":[63,1251],"total":[66,514],"(TE)":[68],"into":[69,792,1186],"components.":[74],"Methods":[75],"are":[76,85,93,254,1260],"now":[77],"available":[78],"estimate":[80,506],"these":[81,531,883,964],"when":[83,854],"they":[84,187,196,215,253],"identified.3\u20135":[86],"When":[87],"both":[88],"employed,":[94],"measure":[96,119,265,349,451,557,750,757,782,1209,1271],"\u201cproportion":[99],"mediated\u201d":[100],"(PM)":[101],"is":[102,131,182,213,309,503,703,720,734,744,856,888,930,948,960,1079,1104,1129,1172,1210,1283],"sometimes":[103,183],"calculated":[104,489],"as":[105,807,904],"ratio":[107,493,497,517,526],"NIE":[110,798],"TE":[113,790],"(eg,":[114],"PM":[115,415,615,733,749,806,808,824,1074,1159,1270],"=":[116,284,478,618,620,678,687,689,742,752,759,800,809,1038,1040,1053,1055,1057,1059],"NIE/TE).":[117],"This":[118,308,390],"some":[121,386],"sense":[122],"captures":[123,287,417,452,1138,1160],"how":[124,1139,1161],"important":[125],"pathway":[127,167,434],"through":[128,596],"explaining":[133],"actual":[135,245,1219],"operation":[136,1256],"outcome.":[145,346],"It":[146,1137,1183],"measures":[147,851,885],"what":[148,418,453,1196],"would":[149,229,357,362,391,419,454,599,612,1035,1050,1197],"happen":[150,420,455,1198],"if":[160,296,427,465,490,1022,1199],"we":[161,207,247,312,332,403,428,466,611,654,776,802,1023,1064,1150,1200],"were":[162,299,401,429,467,655,1024,1201],"somehow":[164,431],"disable":[165,432],"intermediate.2,6":[173],"The":[174,274,414,483,849,1001,1073,1118,1127,1158,1207],"use":[175],"criticized":[184],"because":[185,214,827,1081,1106,1212,1223],"(1)":[186],"require":[188],"very":[189],"strong":[190,961],"assumptions":[191],"identification2,6,7":[193],"(2)":[195],"do":[197,241,886,998,1084,1109],"not":[198,242,559,606,667,833,949,999,1085,1110,1193],"general":[200,1131],"correspond":[201,243],"any":[203],"intervention":[205,311],"could":[208,248,333,351,376,535,1151],"actually":[209],"carry":[210,249,319],"out":[211,250,320],"(this":[212],"require,":[216],"each":[218],"person,":[219],"fixing":[220,278,645,740,1098],"mediator":[222],"counterfactual":[225],"level":[226,282,306,388,875],"person":[228],"had":[231,576],"absence":[234],"exposure).6,7":[236],"Since":[237],"such":[238,985],"estimates":[240],"interventions":[246],"practice,":[252],"limited":[256],"interest":[257,270],"policy":[260,272,360,1135,1220,1279],"perspective.6\u20138":[261],"An":[262],"alternative":[263],"proportion":[264,348,365,398,484,538,924,1045],"may":[266,666,761,777,825,832,1003,1272],"more":[269,1133,1285],"settings.":[273],"M":[283,477],"m,":[285],"CDE(m),":[286],"set,":[300],"possibly":[301],"contrary":[302],"fact,":[304,980],"m.":[307],"might":[313,324,404,650,680,691],"hope":[314,325],"able":[317,1025],"practice.":[322],"We":[323],"by":[327,379,545,644,739,918,932,944,1005,1097,1153],"intervening":[328,380,1154],"block":[334],"substantial":[336],"part":[337],"A":[347,879],"then":[352,529,641,731],"used,":[354],"relevance,":[361],"eliminated":[378,399,485,539,1049],"set":[382],"m.1":[389],"(TE":[393,799],"\u2013":[394],"CDE[m])/TE.":[395],"If":[396,653,1249],"this":[397,510,585,928,1016],"(PE)":[400],"large,":[402],"try":[405],"implement":[407],"policies":[408],"intervene":[410,1203],"intermediate.":[413,1157,1182],"essentially":[416,843],"(leaving":[441],"it":[442,1213,1224],"its":[444],"value);":[446],"contrast,":[448],"PE":[450,556,643,686,738,756,781,821,1052,1096,1121,1128,1208,1282],"fix":[469,657,1027],"same":[474],"value":[476,785],"m":[479,741],"all":[481,1066],"persons.":[482],"also":[487],"risk":[492,516,525,532,542,914],"scale":[494,498,544],"(or":[495],"odds":[496],"rare":[501],"outcome)":[502],"effects.":[508],"In":[509,584,696,811,1015],"case,":[511,1017],"RR(TE)":[519],"RR(CDE(m)),":[528],"using":[530,546],"ratios,":[533],"one":[534],"calculate":[536],"difference":[543],"formula":[548],"{RR(TE)":[549],"\u2212":[550,552],"RR(CDE(m))}/{RR(TE)":[551],"1}.":[553],"Importantly,":[554],"will":[558,852],"always":[560],"equal":[561,834],"PM.":[563],"Suppose":[564],"interacted":[571],"but":[572,636,722,1192],"no":[577,712,725,857,990],"changing":[580],"itself.":[583],"case":[586,699],"0":[601,649,661,743,1032,1103],"(because":[602],"does":[605],"change":[607],"intermediate)":[609],"NIE/TE":[617],"0/TE":[619],"0%.":[621],"However,":[622,958],"if,":[623],"interaction,":[625],"was":[631],"large":[632,1105],"small":[637,923,1080],"without":[638,1116],"intermediate,":[640,775],"substantial.":[652],"everyone,":[663],"much":[669,1140,1162],"(ie,":[676],"CDE[m":[677],"0]":[679],"quite":[682],"small),":[683],"(TE\u2013CDE[m":[688,1054],"0])/TE":[690,1056],"close":[693],"100%.":[695,745,1060],"extreme":[698],"which":[701,947,1233],"there":[702,855,959,977],"pure":[705],"interaction":[706,769,858,962,984],"(so":[707],"has":[711,724],"unless":[717],"present)":[721],"itself,":[730],"0%":[735],"while":[736],"More":[746],"generally,":[747],"(PM":[751],"NIE/TE)":[753],"(PE":[758],"[TE\u2013CDE{m}]/TE)":[760],"differ":[762,826],"because,":[763],"presence":[766],"between":[770,859,963],"different":[780,1190],"every":[784],"m.1,9":[787],"Because":[788],"decomposes":[791],"NIE+NDE),":[801],"re-express":[804],"[TE\u2013NDE]/TE.":[810],"technical":[813],"language":[814],"literature,":[819],"effect;":[838],"averages":[844],"over":[845],"various":[847,1258],"CDEs.2":[848],"two":[850,884,1119],"coincide":[853],"(either":[865],"at":[866,871],"individual":[868],"level3":[869],"or":[870],"expected":[873],"population":[874],"under":[876],"further":[877],"assumptions).7":[878],"biomedical":[880],"example":[881],"where":[882],"diverge":[887],"chromosome":[892],"15q25":[893,911],"genetic":[894],"variants":[895,965,988,1002,1083,1108],"lung":[897,916,956,974,993,1114],"cancer,":[898],"cigarettes":[900,934,941,967,1013,1028,1076,1090,1099],"smoked":[901],"per":[902,935,942,968,1012,1029,1077,1091,1100],"day":[903,943,969,1030,1092,1101],"intermediate.10":[906],"Each":[907,937],"variant":[908,938],"allele":[909,939],"increases":[912,940],"cancer":[917,975,994,1115],"about":[919,945],"1.3-fold;":[920],"however,":[921,1094],"(perhaps":[925],"5%\u201315%)":[926],"mediated":[931],"increasing":[933,1006],"day.10":[936],"1,":[946],"enough":[950],"explain":[952],"association":[954],"cancer.":[957],"their":[971],"may,":[978],"\u201cpure\u201d":[983],"those":[996],"who":[997],"smoke.10":[1000],"operate":[1004],"nicotine":[1008],"toxins":[1010],"extracted":[1011],"smoked.":[1014],"everyone":[1034],"CDE(m":[1037],"0)":[1039],"0,":[1041],"thus":[1043],"(TE\u20130)/TE":[1058],"By":[1061],"eliminating":[1062],"smoking,":[1063],"eliminate":[1065,1152],"variants.":[1072],"(by":[1075],"day)":[1078],"increase":[1086],"number":[1088],"substantially;":[1093],"seem":[1111],"affect":[1113],"smoking.":[1117],"measures,":[1120],"PM,":[1123],"differing":[1125],"interpretations.":[1126],"relevant":[1134],"measure.":[1136],"due":[1173],"gives":[1184],"insight":[1185],"role":[1188],"pathways,":[1191],"necessarily":[1194],"intermediates.":[1206],"attractive":[1211],"describes":[1214],"estimated":[1216],"intervention,":[1221],"requires":[1225],"only":[1226],"estimation":[1228],"effects,":[1232],"identified":[1236],"broader":[1239],"range":[1240],"circumstances":[1242],"than":[1243],"effects.11,12":[1248],"evaluation":[1253],"pathways":[1259],"interest,":[1262],"still":[1273],"interest.":[1276],"But":[1277],"purposes,":[1280],"arguably":[1284],"relevant.":[1286],"Tyler":[1287],"J.":[1288],"VanderWeele":[1289],"Departments":[1290],"Epidemiology":[1292],"Biostatistics":[1294],"Harvard":[1295],"School":[1296],"Public":[1298],"Health":[1299],"Boston,":[1300],"MA":[1301],"[email":[1302],"protected]":[1303]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
