{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1996390968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1517/14656566.2011.629187","title":"Blockade of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 as a new therapeutic approach for advanced melanoma","display_name":"Blockade of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 as a new therapeutic approach for advanced melanoma","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1996390968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1517/14656566.2011.629187","mag":"1996390968","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22077831","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3711751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1517/14656566.2011.629187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1517/14656566.2011.629187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1517/14656566.2011.629187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52020611","display_name":"Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy","issn_l":"1465-6566","issn":["1465-6566","1744-7666"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3711751","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100755827","display_name":"Xiang\u2010Yang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2421-5367","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2421-5367"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039382","display_name":"VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0173y3036","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846","https://openalex.org/I4390039382"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiang-Yang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA. xywang@vcu.edu","+1 804 628 2679 (Xiang-Yang Wang)","Department of Human and Molecular Genetics","VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine","VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA +1 804 828 9632 (Paul B Fischer)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA. xywang@vcu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"+1 804 628 2679 (Xiang-Yang Wang)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human and Molecular Genetics","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA +1 804 828 9632 (Paul B Fischer)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846","https://openalex.org/I4390039382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087749038","display_name":"Daming Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2003-9474","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2003-9474"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58200834","display_name":"Southern Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vjw4z39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daming Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Medical University, Department of Immunology, Guangzhou, 510515, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Medical University, Department of Immunology, Guangzhou, 510515, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091194969","display_name":"Devanand Sarkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0973-2323","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0973-2323"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039382","display_name":"VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0173y3036","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846","https://openalex.org/I4390039382"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Devanand Sarkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human and Molecular Genetics; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA +1 804 828 9632 (Paul B Fischer); +1 804 628 2679 (Xiang-Yang Wang); pbfisher@vcu.edu; xywang@vcu.edu","+1 804 628 2679 (Xiang-Yang Wang)","Department of Human and Molecular Genetics","VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine","VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA +1 804 828 9632 (Paul B Fischer)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human and Molecular Genetics; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA +1 804 828 9632 (Paul B Fischer); +1 804 628 2679 (Xiang-Yang Wang); pbfisher@vcu.edu; xywang@vcu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846","https://openalex.org/I4390039382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"+1 804 628 2679 (Xiang-Yang Wang)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human and Molecular Genetics","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA +1 804 828 9632 (Paul B Fischer)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846","https://openalex.org/I4390039382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031490587","display_name":"Paul B. Fisher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0085-4546","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0085-4546"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039382","display_name":"VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0173y3036","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846","https://openalex.org/I4390039382"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul B Fisher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human and Molecular Genetics; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA +1 804 828 9632 (Paul B Fischer); +1 804 628 2679 (Xiang-Yang Wang); pbfisher@vcu.edu; xywang@vcu.edu","+1 804 628 2679 (Xiang-Yang Wang)","Department of Human and Molecular Genetics","VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine","VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA +1 804 828 9632 (Paul B Fischer)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human and Molecular Genetics; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA +1 804 828 9632 (Paul B Fischer); +1 804 628 2679 (Xiang-Yang Wang); pbfisher@vcu.edu; xywang@vcu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846","https://openalex.org/I4390039382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"+1 804 628 2679 (Xiang-Yang Wang)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human and Molecular Genetics","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA +1 804 828 9632 (Paul B Fischer)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846","https://openalex.org/I4390039382"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031490587","https://openalex.org/A5100755827"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846","https://openalex.org/I4390039382"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2472,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28195345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"17","first_page":"2695","last_page":"2706"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ctla-4-blockade","display_name":"CTLA-4 blockade","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metastatic-melanoma","display_name":"metastatic melanoma","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ipilimumab","display_name":"ipilimumab","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-checkpoint-inhibitors","display_name":"immune checkpoint inhibitors","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-immunotherapy","display_name":"cancer immunotherapy","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-activation","display_name":"T cell activation","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoimmune-toxicity","display_name":"autoimmune toxicity","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-related-adverse-events","display_name":"immune-related adverse events","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trials","display_name":"clinical trials","score":0.5239999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781433595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2459042","display_name":"Ipilimumab","level":4,"score":0.9153140783309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8326647281646729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21705690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2907609","display_name":"CTLA-4","level":4,"score":0.7239804267883301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777658100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180614","display_name":"Melanoma","level":2,"score":0.6052229404449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778468042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273976","display_name":"Blockade","level":3,"score":0.5904194712638855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.5861316919326782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778650287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7838098","display_name":"Tremelimumab","level":5,"score":0.5822482109069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5753569006919861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.5250796675682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.49399906396865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154317977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376266","display_name":"Cytotoxic T cell","level":3,"score":0.4497810900211334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.4252914488315582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780674031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2012719","display_name":"Cancer immunotherapy","level":4,"score":0.419533908367157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.36566615104675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.3244044780731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.30147916078567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.17946073412895203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07367396354675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.059414565563201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000074324","descriptor_name":"Ipilimumab","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000911","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Monoclonal","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000970","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007167","descriptor_name":"Immunotherapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008545","descriptor_name":"Melanoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060908","descriptor_name":"CTLA-4 Antigen","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1517/14656566.2011.629187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1517/14656566.2011.629187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1517/14656566.2011.629187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52020611","display_name":"Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy","issn_l":"1465-6566","issn":["1465-6566","1744-7666"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22077831","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22077831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2707109","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3711751","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3711751","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3711751","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Expert Opin Pharmacother","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2707109","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3711751","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4918485225","display_name":"Scavenger Receptor-A and Immune Regulation","funder_award_id":"R01CA129111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5509001875","display_name":"Large Stress Proteins in Biology and Medicine","funder_award_id":"R01CA154708","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":140,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130109747","https://openalex.org/W1487731794","https://openalex.org/W1519521580","https://openalex.org/W1536480181","https://openalex.org/W1537465465","https://openalex.org/W1542616270","https://openalex.org/W1554937135","https://openalex.org/W1574076960","https://openalex.org/W1577612079","https://openalex.org/W1582759408","https://openalex.org/W1603661589","https://openalex.org/W1606500885","https://openalex.org/W1828940258","https://openalex.org/W1879616740","https://openalex.org/W1900415127","https://openalex.org/W1908752382","https://openalex.org/W1947375451","https://openalex.org/W1950572133","https://openalex.org/W1964934179","https://openalex.org/W1967884480","https://openalex.org/W1967889234","https://openalex.org/W1971989824","https://openalex.org/W1972604469","https://openalex.org/W1973445893","https://openalex.org/W1979446115","https://openalex.org/W1979936799","https://openalex.org/W1981528932","https://openalex.org/W1988822265","https://openalex.org/W1992847016","https://openalex.org/W1994475937","https://openalex.org/W2006428939","https://openalex.org/W2006987944","https://openalex.org/W2007747583","https://openalex.org/W2009487870","https://openalex.org/W2009942530","https://openalex.org/W2013246503","https://openalex.org/W2014545440","https://openalex.org/W2016154811","https://openalex.org/W2017861959","https://openalex.org/W2019214729","https://openalex.org/W2022430924","https://openalex.org/W2026082376","https://openalex.org/W2026092903","https://openalex.org/W2029208213","https://openalex.org/W2031083470","https://openalex.org/W2034392291","https://openalex.org/W2037920661","https://openalex.org/W2038388329","https://openalex.org/W2040279923","https://openalex.org/W2040851929","https://openalex.org/W2041672829","https://openalex.org/W2042108941","https://openalex.org/W2042440588","https://openalex.org/W2042630756","https://openalex.org/W2047185812","https://openalex.org/W2048073154","https://openalex.org/W2049784279","https://openalex.org/W2051962533","https://openalex.org/W2053248202","https://openalex.org/W2054695890","https://openalex.org/W2061071534","https://openalex.org/W2061328746","https://openalex.org/W2068119757","https://openalex.org/W2070059266","https://openalex.org/W2076067786","https://openalex.org/W2081527131","https://openalex.org/W2085332498","https://openalex.org/W2086264703","https://openalex.org/W2087013294","https://openalex.org/W2087482409","https://openalex.org/W2087757222","https://openalex.org/W2090306908","https://openalex.org/W2092703991","https://openalex.org/W2094366129","https://openalex.org/W2095267413","https://openalex.org/W2095826876","https://openalex.org/W2097995306","https://openalex.org/W2099560139","https://openalex.org/W2099651334","https://openalex.org/W2100158834","https://openalex.org/W2103977270","https://openalex.org/W2105017308","https://openalex.org/W2107150019","https://openalex.org/W2107504790","https://openalex.org/W2109465910","https://openalex.org/W2110440135","https://openalex.org/W2112601576","https://openalex.org/W2114062399","https://openalex.org/W2114140047","https://openalex.org/W2115339711","https://openalex.org/W2116169737","https://openalex.org/W2118449798","https://openalex.org/W2118863192","https://openalex.org/W2119088830","https://openalex.org/W2119174775","https://openalex.org/W2119198740","https://openalex.org/W2119342305","https://openalex.org/W2119895292","https://openalex.org/W2122951893","https://openalex.org/W2123264723","https://openalex.org/W2123363005","https://openalex.org/W2127446775","https://openalex.org/W2127734125","https://openalex.org/W2128542677","https://openalex.org/W2129046400","https://openalex.org/W2131874142","https://openalex.org/W2134880837","https://openalex.org/W2135480474","https://openalex.org/W2136630957","https://openalex.org/W2137712039","https://openalex.org/W2140066663","https://openalex.org/W2140460887","https://openalex.org/W2140875987","https://openalex.org/W2144078346","https://openalex.org/W2145853100","https://openalex.org/W2146887062","https://openalex.org/W2148576689","https://openalex.org/W2148911309","https://openalex.org/W2149244682","https://openalex.org/W2149748445","https://openalex.org/W2151315067","https://openalex.org/W2151507811","https://openalex.org/W2155189639","https://openalex.org/W2157737696","https://openalex.org/W2161550811","https://openalex.org/W2162519330","https://openalex.org/W2162646864","https://openalex.org/W2162856391","https://openalex.org/W2163184777","https://openalex.org/W2164918836","https://openalex.org/W2165866752","https://openalex.org/W2166626276","https://openalex.org/W2168278891","https://openalex.org/W2168797718","https://openalex.org/W2203317209","https://openalex.org/W2410009984","https://openalex.org/W2560367415","https://openalex.org/W2572174216","https://openalex.org/W4313422289","https://openalex.org/W4408879069"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2067835158","https://openalex.org/W2168334855","https://openalex.org/W1995009388","https://openalex.org/W1643557676","https://openalex.org/W95660081","https://openalex.org/W2144952279","https://openalex.org/W1974892500","https://openalex.org/W2053551865","https://openalex.org/W3025020074","https://openalex.org/W2154813177"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"The":[1,17,80],"incidence":[2],"of":[3,25,42,70,142,163,176,179,181,191],"melanoma":[4,14],"continues":[5],"to":[6,48,67,151,158],"rise,":[7],"and":[8,31,99,118,167],"prognosis":[9],"in":[10,60,75,90,148,187],"patients":[11,61,149],"with":[12,62,94,115],"metastatic":[13,63],"remains":[15],"poor.":[16],"cytotoxic":[18],"T-lymphocyte":[19],"antigen-4":[20],"(CTLA-4)":[21],"serves":[22],"as":[23],"one":[24],"the":[26,68,73,95,100,120,131,139,143,160,170,177],"primary":[27],"immune":[28,51,86],"check":[29],"points":[30],"downregulates":[32],"T-cell":[33,37],"activation":[34,38,87],"pathways.":[35],"Enhancing":[36],"by":[39,72],"antibody":[40],"blockade":[41],"CTLA-4":[43,84,182],"provides":[44,109],"a":[45],"new":[46,193],"approach":[47],"overcome":[49],"tumor-induced":[50],"tolerance.":[52],"Recently,":[53],"anti-CTLA-4":[54,116,137],"therapy":[55,194],"demonstrated":[56],"significant":[57],"clinical":[58,113,140,189],"benefits":[59],"melanoma,":[64],"which":[65],"led":[66],"approval":[69],"ipilimumab":[71],"FDA":[74],"early":[76],"2011.":[77],"AREAS":[78],"COVERED:":[79],"fundamental":[81],"concepts":[82],"underlying":[83],"blockade-potentiated":[85],"are":[88],"presented":[89],"this":[91,192],"paper,":[92],"along":[93],"scientific":[96],"rationale":[97],"for":[98,136,195],"preclinical":[101],"evidence":[102],"supporting":[103],"CTLA-4-targeted":[104],"cancer":[105],"immunotherapy.":[106],"It":[107],"also":[108,185],"an":[110],"update":[111],"on":[112],"trials":[114],"inhibitors":[117],"discusses":[119],"associated":[121],"autoimmune":[122],"toxicity.":[123],"EXPERT":[124],"OPINION:":[125],"Given":[126],"that":[127],"overall":[128],"survival":[129],"is":[130,156],"only":[132],"validated":[133],"end":[134],"point":[135],"therapy,":[138],"implications":[141],"antigen":[144],"or":[145],"tumor-specific":[146],"immunity":[147],"remain":[150],"be":[152],"clarified.":[153],"Additional":[154],"research":[155],"necessary":[157],"elucidate":[159],"prognostic":[161],"significance":[162],"immune-related":[164],"side":[165],"effects":[166],"significantly":[168],"optimize":[169],"treatment":[171],"regimens.":[172],"An":[173],"improved":[174],"understanding":[175],"mechanisms":[178],"action":[180],"antibodies":[183],"may":[184],"culminate":[186],"wide-ranging":[188],"applications":[190],"other":[196],"tumor":[197],"types.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
