{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1996210272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00150197608241985","title":"Fracture, Fractography and internal stress of BaTiO3 ceramics","display_name":"Fracture, Fractography and internal stress of BaTiO3 ceramics","publication_year":1976,"publication_date":"1976-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1996210272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00150197608241985","mag":"1996210272"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00150197608241985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00150197608241985","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00150197608241985","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154037165","display_name":"Ferroelectrics","issn_l":"0015-0193","issn":["0015-0193","1026-7484","1563-5112"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ferroelectrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028422254","display_name":"Robert C. Pohanka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. C. Pohanka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., 20375, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., 20375, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112564720","display_name":"Roy W. Rice","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. W. Rice","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., 20375, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., 20375, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"B. E. Walker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. E. Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., 20375, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., 20375, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"P. L. Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. L. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., 20375, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., 20375, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8196,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89509214,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"231","last_page":"235"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10107","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10107","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13249","display_name":"Dielectric properties of ceramics","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13251","display_name":"Electrical and Thermal Properties of Materials","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barium-titanate-ceramics","display_name":"BaTiO3 ceramics","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-stress","display_name":"internal stress","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture","display_name":"fracture","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture-energy","display_name":"fracture energy","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flaw-size","display_name":"flaw size","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-strength","display_name":"mechanical strength","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curie-temperature","display_name":"Curie temperature","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ferroelectric-phase-transition","display_name":"ferroelectric phase transition","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piezoelectric-ceramics","display_name":"piezoelectric ceramics","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indentation-hardness","display_name":"indentation hardness","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porosity","display_name":"porosity","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-size","display_name":"grain size","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elastic-constants","display_name":"elastic constants","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sintered-ceramics","display_name":"sintered ceramics","score":0.6769999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.9154882431030273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.7062755227088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45780264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866682","display_name":"Fractography","level":3,"score":0.6427894830703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192191005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466491","display_name":"Grain size","level":2,"score":0.6272805333137512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.6093629598617554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134132462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45621","display_name":"Ceramic","level":2,"score":0.5691432356834412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43369102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307625","display_name":"Fracture (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5370560884475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.5201854705810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4839775562286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100082104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183759","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","level":2,"score":0.47002625465393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6648577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669","display_name":"Porosity","level":2,"score":0.464553564786911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63648874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073","display_name":"Curie temperature","level":3,"score":0.46216440200805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79090758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045739","display_name":"Ferroelectricity","level":3,"score":0.4249754250049591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.16162213683128357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82217956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184207","display_name":"Ferromagnetism","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00150197608241985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00150197608241985","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00150197608241985","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154037165","display_name":"Ferroelectrics","issn_l":"0015-0193","issn":["0015-0193","1026-7484","1563-5112"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ferroelectrics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W627113909","https://openalex.org/W1527195591","https://openalex.org/W1537357711"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978399143","https://openalex.org/W2131888852","https://openalex.org/W2071777245","https://openalex.org/W1987399728","https://openalex.org/W4309631583","https://openalex.org/W1990026040","https://openalex.org/W2606926096","https://openalex.org/W2066613209","https://openalex.org/W2333264984","https://openalex.org/W2028793608"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,62,192],"result":[2],"of":[3,40,64,68,74,96,109,113,135,139,184],"the":[4,17,38,65,72,93,124,151,180,185],"ferroelectric":[5],"phase":[6],"transition,":[7],"piezoelectric":[8],"ceramics":[9],"develop":[10],"complex":[11],"internal":[12,50,132,202],"stresses,":[13,203],"which":[14,90,176],"affect":[15],"both":[16],"strength":[18,53,73,105,128,154,171],"and":[19,24,45,49,119,157,174],"electrical":[20],"properties":[21,67],"(dielectric":[22],"constant":[23],"aging).":[25],"However,":[26],"very":[27],"little":[28],"quantitative":[29],"information":[30],"on":[31,52],"these":[32,201],"stresses":[33],"is":[34,82,91,129,177],"presently":[35],"available.":[36],"Furthermore,":[37],"effect":[39],"microstructure":[41],"(e.g.":[42],"grains,":[43],"domains":[44],"pores),":[46],"flaw":[47,115,161,182],"sizes":[48,183],"stress":[51],"has":[54],"not":[55],"been":[56],"understood.":[57],"Thus,":[58],"this":[59],"paper":[60],"presents":[61],"study":[63],"mechanical":[66],"BaTiO3":[69,77,166],"showing":[70],"that":[71,123,150],"\u223c99%":[75],"dense":[76],"with":[78,137,188,208],"typical":[79],"machining":[80],"flaws":[81,138],"6.28":[83],"\u00d7":[84],"107":[85],"N/m2":[86],"higher":[87],"at":[88,99,146],"150\u00b0C,":[89],"above":[92],"Curie":[94],"temperature":[95],"120\u00b0C,":[97],"than":[98],"25\u00b0C.":[100],"This":[101],"measured":[102,114,125],"difference":[103,126,152],"in":[104,127,153,170],"was":[106],"relatively":[107],"independent":[108],"grain":[110],"size.":[111],"Analysis":[112],"sizes,":[116],"elastic":[117],"constants,":[118],"fracture":[120],"energies":[121],"show":[122,149],"due":[130],"to":[131,179,199],"stresses.":[133],"Studies":[134],"specimens":[136],"controlled":[140],"size,":[141],"introduced":[142],"by":[143],"hardness":[144],"indenting":[145],"variable":[147],"load,":[148],"between":[155,172],"150\u00b0C":[156,173],"25\u00b0C":[158],"decreases":[159],"as":[160],"size":[162],"increases.":[163],"Commercial":[164],"sintered":[165],"had":[167],"smaller":[168],"differences":[169],"25\u00b0C,":[175],"attributed":[178],"larger":[181],"commercial":[186],"materials,":[187],"porosity":[189],"also":[190],"being":[191],"possible":[193],"factor.":[194],"Several":[195],"models":[196],"are":[197],"used":[198],"estimate":[200],"giving":[204],"values":[205],"generally":[206],"consistent":[207],"experimental":[209],"data.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}