{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1996143753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091270011400604","title":"SGLT2 Inhibitors: A New Emerging Therapeutic Class in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","display_name":"SGLT2 Inhibitors: A New Emerging Therapeutic Class in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1996143753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091270011400604","mag":"1996143753","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21543663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0091270011400604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091270011400604","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091270011400604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146237847","display_name":"The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","issn_l":"0021-9754","issn":["0021-9754","0091-2700","0095-9863","1552-4604","2375-0839","2375-0928"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043706692","display_name":"Raktim Kumar Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8401-4298","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8401-4298"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39190216","display_name":"Maulana Azad Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/03dwx1z96","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110166357","https://openalex.org/I39190216"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raktim Kumar Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India. dr.raktimghosh@yahoo.co.in","Maulana Azad Medical College , New Delhi , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India. dr.raktimghosh@yahoo.co.in","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39190216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maulana Azad Medical College , New Delhi , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39190216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103880085","display_name":"Samhati Mondal Ghosh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114546181","display_name":"Lady Hardinge Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/03x8jdc94","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110166357","https://openalex.org/I114546181"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samhati Mondal Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India",". Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114546181"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114546181"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065418178","display_name":"Shalini Chawla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7049-2360","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7049-2360"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110166357","display_name":"University of Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzb2213","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shalini Chawla","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Delhi, New Delhi, India","University of Delhi , New Delhi , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delhi, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delhi , New Delhi , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043053245","display_name":"Sarfaraz Abdeli Jasdanwala","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39190216","display_name":"Maulana Azad Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/03dwx1z96","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110166357","https://openalex.org/I39190216"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarfaraz Abdeli Jasdanwala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India","Maulana Azad Medical College , New Delhi , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39190216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maulana Azad Medical College , New Delhi , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39190216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043706692"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39190216"],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5499,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":86,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97648284,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"4","first_page":"457","last_page":"463"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12539","display_name":"Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sglt2-inhibitors","display_name":"SGLT2 inhibitors","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dapagliflozin","display_name":"dapagliflozin","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remogliflozin","display_name":"remogliflozin","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urinary-glucose-excretion","display_name":"urinary glucose excretion","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-independent-glucose-lowering","display_name":"insulin-independent glucose lowering","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycemic-control","display_name":"glycemic control","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antidiabetic-drugs","display_name":"antidiabetic drugs","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weight-gain","display_name":"weight gain","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoglycemia","display_name":"hypoglycemia","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-benefit-ratio","display_name":"risk-benefit ratio","score":0.6330000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777422806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409898","display_name":"Dapagliflozin","level":4,"score":0.9560456275939941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90466245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7312490","display_name":"Renal glucose reabsorption","level":4,"score":0.8769523501396179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8066267967224121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202758","display_name":"Hypoglycemia","level":3,"score":0.6881228089332581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780473172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572518","display_name":"Glycemic","level":3,"score":0.6788943409919739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.6347482800483704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.5593920350074768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5486812591552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.49070489406585693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780533449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417762","display_name":"Exenatide","level":4,"score":0.48758310079574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775887513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5373824","display_name":"Empagliflozin","level":4,"score":0.44384124875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780485761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275157","display_name":"Blood sugar","level":3,"score":0.43913891911506653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.42418578267097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4201536774635315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3323167562484741}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077203","descriptor_name":"Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077203","descriptor_name":"Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077203","descriptor_name":"Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005947","descriptor_name":"Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005947","descriptor_name":"Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005947","descriptor_name":"Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007004","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007004","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007004","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007004","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007004","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007004","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051297","descriptor_name":"Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051297","descriptor_name":"Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051297","descriptor_name":"Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0091270011400604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091270011400604","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091270011400604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146237847","display_name":"The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","issn_l":"0021-9754","issn":["0021-9754","0091-2700","0095-9863","1552-4604","2375-0839","2375-0928"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21543663","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21543663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of clinical pharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9907000064849854,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1830151520","https://openalex.org/W1963931057","https://openalex.org/W1997746154","https://openalex.org/W2002760082","https://openalex.org/W2009600621","https://openalex.org/W2036127635","https://openalex.org/W2040687831","https://openalex.org/W2043583714","https://openalex.org/W2045171296","https://openalex.org/W2046586532","https://openalex.org/W2054866483","https://openalex.org/W2078992128","https://openalex.org/W2096329362","https://openalex.org/W2103196856","https://openalex.org/W2113943669","https://openalex.org/W2114276479","https://openalex.org/W2116771437","https://openalex.org/W2122077393","https://openalex.org/W2130400490","https://openalex.org/W2144173715","https://openalex.org/W2146926016","https://openalex.org/W2150855258","https://openalex.org/W2171664391","https://openalex.org/W2174384846","https://openalex.org/W2177236071","https://openalex.org/W4237424488"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3216022332","https://openalex.org/W2145625393","https://openalex.org/W2975677680","https://openalex.org/W4385581275","https://openalex.org/W4200419321","https://openalex.org/W4210948531","https://openalex.org/W4313238669","https://openalex.org/W4312768304","https://openalex.org/W2118342742","https://openalex.org/W3008828026"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,10,60],"incidence":[1],"of":[2,14,39,53,66,95,106,111,127,144,148,153],"type":[3,154],"2":[4,46,155],"diabetes":[5,156],"mellitus":[6],"is":[7,42,85],"increasing":[8],"worldwide.":[9],"existing":[11],"therapeutic":[12,37],"classes":[13],"antidiabetic":[15,40],"drugs":[16,41,149],"are":[17,101,133],"not":[18],"adequately":[19],"effective":[20],"in":[21,26,32,57,73,82,87,103],"maintaining":[22],"long-term":[23],"glycemic":[24],"control":[25,116],"most":[27,79],"patients,":[28],"even":[29],"when":[30],"used":[31],"combination.":[33],"One":[34],"emerging":[35],"novel":[36,112],"class":[38,97,110,147],"sodium":[43],"glucose":[44,55,67,71],"cotransporter":[45],"(SGLT2)":[47],"inhibitors.":[48],"SGLT2":[49,61],"accounts":[50],"for":[51,150],"90%":[52],"the":[54,58,78,138,151],"reabsorption":[56],"kidney.":[59],"inhibitors":[62],"increase":[63],"urinary":[64],"excretion":[65],"and":[68],"lower":[69],"plasma":[70],"levels":[72],"an":[74],"insulin-independent":[75],"manner.":[76],"Dapagliflozin,":[77],"prominent":[80],"molecule":[81],"this":[83,96,145],"class,":[84],"currently":[86],"a":[88],"phase":[89,129],"III":[90,130],"clinical":[91,107,131],"trial.":[92],"Other":[93],"members":[94],"(eg,":[98],"sergliflozin,":[99],"remogliflozin)":[100],"also":[102],"different":[104],"phases":[105],"trials.":[108],"This":[109],"agents":[113],"can":[114],"effectively":[115],"blood":[117],"sugar":[118],"level":[119],"without":[120],"producing":[121],"weight":[122],"gain":[123],"or":[124],"hypoglycemia.":[125],"Results":[126],"ongoing":[128],"trials":[132],"crucial":[134],"to":[135],"determine":[136],"whether":[137],"risk-benefit":[139],"ratio":[140],"will":[141],"allow":[142],"approval":[143],"new":[146],"management":[152],"mellitus.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}