{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1996100830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1939.11010134","title":"The Validity of the Machine-Scorable Cooperative English Test","display_name":"The Validity of the Machine-Scorable Cooperative English Test","publication_year":1939,"publication_date":"1939-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1996100830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1939.11010134","mag":"1996100830"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00220973.1939.11010134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1939.11010134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1939.11010134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143721676","display_name":"The Journal of Experimental Education","issn_l":"0022-0973","issn":["0022-0973","1940-0683"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Experimental Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110736479","display_name":"Constance M. McCullough","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76094744","display_name":"Hiram College","ror":"https://ror.org/02bz74262","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76094744"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Constance M. Mccullough","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hiram College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hiram College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76094744"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057112236","display_name":"John C. Flanagan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4722-5162","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4722-5162"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John C. Flanagan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cooperative Test Service"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Test Service","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":33.0227,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97796143,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"229","last_page":"234"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.5981000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.5981000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.19949999451637268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14516","display_name":"English Language Learning and Teaching","score":0.043299999088048935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collaborative-learning","display_name":"cooperative learning","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-language-testing","display_name":"English language assessment","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-scoring","display_name":"machine scoring","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-validity","display_name":"test validity","score":0.9459999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6289899945259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36975014209747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32040172815322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3055623769760132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12098407745361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.07479497790336609}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00220973.1939.11010134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1939.11010134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1939.11010134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143721676","display_name":"The Journal of Experimental Education","issn_l":"0022-0973","issn":["0022-0973","1940-0683"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Experimental Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4156000018119812}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2797361511","https://openalex.org/W2032423911","https://openalex.org/W2100233492","https://openalex.org/W1970904815","https://openalex.org/W2032344566","https://openalex.org/W2797194047","https://openalex.org/W1968538242","https://openalex.org/W2331306097","https://openalex.org/W2947073501","https://openalex.org/W2030801115"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}