{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995910644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/cp2006003","title":"Are gender differences in post-traumatic stress disorder rates attenuated in substance use disorder patients?","display_name":"Are gender differences in post-traumatic stress disorder rates attenuated in substance use disorder patients?","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995910644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/cp2006003","mag":"1995910644"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/cp2006003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/cp2006003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/cp2006003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39440278","display_name":"Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne","issn_l":"0708-5591","issn":["0708-5591","1878-7304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049366349","display_name":"Sherry H. Stewart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-2712","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-2712"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sherry A. Stewart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalhousie University Halifax NS Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-2712","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalhousie University Halifax NS Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053579797","display_name":"Valerie V. Grant","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerie V. Grant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalhousie University Halifax NS Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalhousie University Halifax NS Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068185993","display_name":"Paige Crosby Ouimette","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114695","display_name":"Syracuse VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0332k3m42","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210094901","https://openalex.org/I4210114695"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paige Ouimette","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse VA Medical Center, NY, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse VA Medical Center, NY, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114695"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pamela J. Brown","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pamela J. Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.214,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86672071,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"2","first_page":"110","last_page":"124"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10426","display_name":"Child Abuse and Trauma","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posttraumatic-stress-disorder","display_name":"post-traumatic stress disorder","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substance-use-disorders","display_name":"substance use disorders","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ptsd-prevalence","display_name":"PTSD prevalence","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comorbidity","display_name":"comorbidities","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trauma-exposure","display_name":"trauma exposure","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcoholism","display_name":"alcoholism","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comorbid-depression","display_name":"comorbid depression","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-adherence","display_name":"medication adherence","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relapse","display_name":"relapse","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methodological-factors","display_name":"methodological factors","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-with-substance-use-disorders","display_name":"women with substance use disorders","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risky-lifestyles","display_name":"risky lifestyles","score":0.5180000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414874","display_name":"Comorbidity","level":2,"score":0.7408494353294373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.6306698322296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40010229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3184856","display_name":"Substance abuse","level":2,"score":0.5924743413925171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5672830939292908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.5290215015411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778159538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16920843","display_name":"Traumatic stress","level":2,"score":0.5112805366516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5064297914505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.5008342266082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125920245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6971726","display_name":"National Comorbidity Survey","level":3,"score":0.49336400628089905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779436514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4713263","display_name":"Alcohol dependence","level":3,"score":0.48360195755958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991912374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q400711","display_name":"Substance use","level":2,"score":0.4197543263435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780931562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7331102","display_name":"Alcohol abuse","level":2,"score":0.4184276759624481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39519003033638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781066024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156","display_name":"Alcohol","level":2,"score":0.22785437107086182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.21687650680541992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/cp2006003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/cp2006003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/cp2006003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39440278","display_name":"Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne","issn_l":"0708-5591","issn":["0708-5591","1878-7304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306127","display_name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05rsv9s98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321629","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01gavpb45"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68951573","https://openalex.org/W94898649","https://openalex.org/W189981177","https://openalex.org/W623605276","https://openalex.org/W652574789","https://openalex.org/W827235099","https://openalex.org/W1709379088","https://openalex.org/W1725512638","https://openalex.org/W1735451254","https://openalex.org/W1849143904","https://openalex.org/W1919106491","https://openalex.org/W1963496538","https://openalex.org/W1964529194","https://openalex.org/W1965295778","https://openalex.org/W1971440513","https://openalex.org/W1973065404","https://openalex.org/W1975271154","https://openalex.org/W1981902040","https://openalex.org/W1987874112","https://openalex.org/W1989253089","https://openalex.org/W1993767738","https://openalex.org/W1995077547","https://openalex.org/W1998022591","https://openalex.org/W1999854229","https://openalex.org/W2005016064","https://openalex.org/W2023564793","https://openalex.org/W2023771120","https://openalex.org/W2027490628","https://openalex.org/W2042735290","https://openalex.org/W2050768782","https://openalex.org/W2051169756","https://openalex.org/W2062907828","https://openalex.org/W2065747184","https://openalex.org/W2072595271","https://openalex.org/W2075878124","https://openalex.org/W2083313810","https://openalex.org/W2086921334","https://openalex.org/W2087304686","https://openalex.org/W2089843021","https://openalex.org/W2093982682","https://openalex.org/W2094767740","https://openalex.org/W2103868573","https://openalex.org/W2110297003","https://openalex.org/W2114124425","https://openalex.org/W2114214919","https://openalex.org/W2116691769","https://openalex.org/W2117776349","https://openalex.org/W2120337053","https://openalex.org/W2124876944","https://openalex.org/W2137296158","https://openalex.org/W2140234015","https://openalex.org/W2145890671","https://openalex.org/W2147496214","https://openalex.org/W2149707217","https://openalex.org/W2150068615","https://openalex.org/W2155090722","https://openalex.org/W2155914606","https://openalex.org/W2159011576","https://openalex.org/W2159763202","https://openalex.org/W2162110241","https://openalex.org/W2163184142","https://openalex.org/W2502364427","https://openalex.org/W2785308939","https://openalex.org/W2973852211","https://openalex.org/W3210712017"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4220827753","https://openalex.org/W2940721958","https://openalex.org/W2035507206","https://openalex.org/W4308338656","https://openalex.org/W4200020876","https://openalex.org/W2162110241","https://openalex.org/W2124700531","https://openalex.org/W1966521562","https://openalex.org/W2016568279","https://openalex.org/W2292058409"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1],"review":[2,172,479],"15":[3],"studies":[4,39,324,504],"that":[5,55,139,194,261,309,334],"examined":[6,52],"rates":[7,29,83,93,135,245,327,482,519],"of":[8,38,72,84,117,136,205,218,286,297,303,405,432,454,483,490,497,502,536,563],"post-traumatic":[9,155],"stress":[10,156],"disorder":[11,16,157,407],"(PTSD)":[12,158],"in":[13,27,32,47,70,95,134,186,300,328,392,396,413,429,506,511,526],"substance":[14,105,167],"use":[15,168],"(SUD)":[17],"patients":[18,263,474],"to":[19,64,81,90,111,152,210,229,268,341,389,458,469,576],"determine":[20],"whether":[21],"the":[22,36,68,91,99,177,187,216,284,301,329,406,430,498,503,534],"typical":[23],"female-greaterthan-male":[24],"gender":[25,45,73,132,298,394,460],"difference":[26,46,465],"PTSD":[28,48,85,141,207,220,326,343,397,472,486,521,541,568],"is":[30,159,227,333,457],"attenuated":[31,131],"SUD":[33,87,96,280,494],"samples.":[34],"Since":[35],"majority":[37],"reviewed":[40,505],"did":[41],"not":[42],"find":[43],"a":[44,115,160,181,437,552],"rates,":[49,522],"we":[50],"critically":[51],"methodological":[53],"factors":[54,78,308],"might":[56,273],"account":[57,66],"for":[58,67,225,401,516],"this":[59,304,455,507],"attenuation,":[60],"but":[61],"none":[62],"appeared":[63],"completely":[65],"variability":[69],"detection":[71],"differences":[74,133,395],"across":[75,322],"studies.":[76],"Several":[77],"may":[79,107,122,145,306],"contribute":[80],"making":[82],"among":[86,125,164,221,473,487,542],"males":[88],"equivalent":[89],"high":[92],"observed":[94],"females:":[97],"1)":[98],"risky":[100],"lifestyle":[101],"associated":[102],"with":[103,127,166,196,264,443,467,475],"men's":[104],"abuse":[106],"increase":[108,140],"their":[109,399],"exposure":[110,518,566],"traumatic":[112,379],"events,":[113],"2)":[114],"history":[116],"more":[118,435,572],"severe":[119],"trauma":[120,470,484,517,537,565],"characteristics":[121],"be":[123],"apparent":[124],"men":[126,345,575],"SUDs,":[128],"or":[129,276],"3)":[130],"other":[137],"comorbidities":[138],"risk":[142,204],"(e.g.,":[143,246,289,346,408],"depression)":[144],"exist.":[146],"Clinical":[147],"implications":[148,400],"are":[149,336,509],"discussed.":[150],"According":[151],"epidemiological":[153],"studies,":[154],"highly":[161],"comorbid":[162,219,265,418,444,540],"condition":[163],"those":[165,195,211],"disorders":[169],"(SUDs;":[170],"see":[171],"by":[173],"Stewart,":[174],"1996).":[175],"In":[176],"National":[178],"Comorbidity":[179],"Survey,":[180],"large-scale":[182],"epidemiologic":[183,323],"survey":[184],"conducted":[185],"U.S.,":[188],"Kessler":[189],"and":[190,240,398,403,471,485,492,500,514,520,539,567],"colleagues":[191],"(1997)":[192],"found":[193],"alcohol":[197,213],"dependence":[198],"were":[199,267,571],"at":[200,551],"3-4":[201],"times":[202],"increased":[203],"lifetime":[206,564],"as":[208,339,344,461],"compared":[209],"without":[212],"dependence.":[214],"Moreover,":[215,374],"presence":[217],"individuals":[222],"being":[223],"treated":[224],"SUDs":[226],"related":[228],"poorer":[230],"treatment":[231,312,404,550,557],"adherence":[232],"(Hien,":[233],"Nunes,":[234],"Rudnick":[235],"Levin,":[236],"&":[237,249,254,292,351,357,364,371,411,448],"Fraser,":[238],"2000)":[239],"outcomes,":[241],"including":[242],"higher":[243],"relapse":[244],"Ouimette,":[247,252,410],"Brown,":[248,290],"Najavits,":[250],"1998;":[251],"Finney,":[253],"Moos,":[255],"1999).":[256],"It":[257],"has":[258,439],"been":[259,578],"suggested":[260],"if":[262],"SUD-PTSD":[266],"receive":[269],"trauma-specific":[270],"treatment,":[271],"they":[272],"avoid":[274],"overutilizing":[275],"misusing":[277],"expensive":[278],"inpatient":[279,555],"treatments,":[281],"thereby":[282],"reducing":[283],"cost":[285],"clinical":[287,488],"care":[288],"Recupero,":[291],"Stout,":[293],"1995).":[294,373],"The":[295,451],"delineation":[296],"variations":[299],"presentation":[302],"comorbidity":[305],"identify":[307],"will":[310],"improve":[311],"outcomes":[313],"(Sonne":[314],"et":[315,530],"al.,":[316],"2003).":[317],"A":[318],"fairly":[319],"consistent":[320],"finding":[321],"on":[325,417,423,441,481],"general":[330],"adult":[331],"population":[332],"women":[335,375,442],"about":[337],"twice":[338],"likely":[340,573],"have":[342,387,577],"Breslau,":[347,354,360],"Chilcoat,":[348],"Kessler,":[349,367],"Peterson,":[350,358,363],"Lucia,":[352],"1999;":[353],"Davis,":[355,361],"Andreski,":[356,362],"1991;":[359],"Schultz,":[365],"1997;":[366],"Sonnega,":[368],"Bromet,":[369],"Hughes,":[370],"Nelson,":[372],"experience":[376],"qualitatively":[377],"different":[378],"life":[380],"experiences":[381],"than":[382,574],"do":[383],"men.":[384],"These":[385],"findings":[386,501],"led":[388],"an":[390,462],"interest":[391],"understanding":[393],"etiology":[402],"Kimerling,":[409],"Weitlauf,":[412],"press).":[414],"Early":[415],"research":[416],"PTSD-SUDs":[419,445],"focused":[420],"almost":[421],"exclusively":[422],"male":[424,491],"veterans":[425],"whose":[426],"pathology":[427],"arose":[428],"context":[431],"combat":[433],"trauma;":[434],"recently,":[436],"focus":[438],"emerged":[440],"(Najavits,":[446],"Weiss,":[447],"Shaw,":[449],"1997).":[450],"major":[452],"purpose":[453],"article":[456,508],"examine":[459],"important":[463],"individual":[464],"variable":[466],"respect":[468],"SUDs.":[476],"This":[477],"brief":[478],"focuses":[480],"samples":[489],"female":[493],"patients.":[495],"Summaries":[496],"methods":[499],"provided":[510],"Tables":[512],"1":[513],"2,":[515],"respectively.":[523],"Gender":[524],"Differences":[525],"Adult":[527],"Samples":[528],"Brown":[529],"al.":[531],"(1995)":[532],"studied":[533],"prevalence":[535],"histories":[538],"84":[543],"adults":[544],"(48":[545],"male;":[546],"36":[547],"female)":[548],"seeking":[549],"private":[553],"hospital":[554],"substance-abuse":[556],"program.":[558],"Participants":[559],"completed":[560],"self-report":[561],"measures":[562],"symptoms.":[569],"Women":[570],"physically":[579],"abused/assaulted":[580],"(31%":[581],"vs.":[582],"\u2026":[583]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
