{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995810447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2028254","title":"Reproductive Behavior and Health in Consanguineous Marriages","display_name":"Reproductive Behavior and Health in Consanguineous Marriages","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995810447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2028254","mag":"1995810447","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2028254"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.2028254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2028254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2028254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025302538","display_name":"Alan Holland Bittles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8176-2730","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8176-2730"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan H. Bittles","raw_affiliation_strings":["King's College, University of London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King's College, University of London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052550253","display_name":"William M. Mason","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William M. Mason","raw_affiliation_strings":["King\u2019s College, university of London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King\u2019s College, university of London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jennifer Greene","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Greene","raw_affiliation_strings":["King\u2019s College, university of London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King\u2019s College, university of London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113714067","display_name":"N. Appaji Rao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Appaji Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["King\u2019s College, university of London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King\u2019s College, university of London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":53.5668,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":331,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99868662,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"252","issue":"5007","first_page":"789","last_page":"794"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14348","display_name":"Marriage and Family Dynamics","score":0.5181000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14348","display_name":"Marriage and Family Dynamics","score":0.5181000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10585","display_name":"Family Dynamics and Relationships","score":0.12620000541210175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10600","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","score":0.05290000140666962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consanguineous-marriage","display_name":"consanguineous marriage","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inbreeding","display_name":"inbreeding","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproductive-health","display_name":"reproductive health","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertility","display_name":"fertility","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-at-first-birth","display_name":"age at first birth","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-disorders","display_name":"genetic disorders","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recessive-gene","display_name":"recessive gene","score":0.7609999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779923321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774347","display_name":"Consanguinity","level":2,"score":0.916153609752655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911029604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846902","display_name":"Consanguineous Marriage","level":3,"score":0.7776529788970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112672928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q239526","display_name":"Offspring","level":3,"score":0.6713342070579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.6012417078018188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777782036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38978","display_name":"Inbreeding","level":3,"score":0.5687889456748962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518429986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964401","display_name":"Fertility","level":3,"score":0.5497716069221497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.4940112233161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.3512795567512512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.313728928565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2884259819984436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.2557663917541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.19861990213394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000013","descriptor_name":"Congenital Abnormalities","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003241","descriptor_name":"Consanguinity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007194","descriptor_name":"India","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007246","descriptor_name":"Infertility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008393","descriptor_name":"Marriage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008423","descriptor_name":"Maternal Age","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010298","descriptor_name":"Parity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011256","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012725","descriptor_name":"Sexual Behavior","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.2028254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2028254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2028254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2028254","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2028254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.61MUN_INST:11135907890007891","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchportal.murdoch.edu.au/esploro/outputs/journalArticle/Reproductive-behavior-and-health-in-consanguineous/991005542781107891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400274","display_name":"Murdoch University Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I176790772","host_organization_name":"Murdoch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176790772"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au:12451","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/12451/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400274","display_name":"Murdoch University Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I176790772","host_organization_name":"Murdoch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176790772"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bittles, A.H. &lt;http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/view/author/Bittles, Alan.html&gt;, Mason, W.M., Greene, J. and Rao, N.A. (1991) Reproductive behavior and health in consanguineous marriages. Science, 252 (5007). pp. 789-794.","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.iisc.ac.in:34111","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/34111/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196309","display_name":"NOT FOUND REPOSITORY (Indian Institute of Science Bangalore)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","host_organization_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":93,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8071264","https://openalex.org/W100231596","https://openalex.org/W101716102","https://openalex.org/W171331104","https://openalex.org/W176434155","https://openalex.org/W184945209","https://openalex.org/W202744789","https://openalex.org/W757429112","https://openalex.org/W1263127972","https://openalex.org/W1512949505","https://openalex.org/W1843724469","https://openalex.org/W1950300540","https://openalex.org/W1963705592","https://openalex.org/W1963819487","https://openalex.org/W1965457715","https://openalex.org/W1967720328","https://openalex.org/W1970315002","https://openalex.org/W1973544512","https://openalex.org/W1974168723","https://openalex.org/W1974199398","https://openalex.org/W1976905322","https://openalex.org/W1980927228","https://openalex.org/W1981213305","https://openalex.org/W1986742052","https://openalex.org/W1987766810","https://openalex.org/W1990873048","https://openalex.org/W1993867652","https://openalex.org/W1994499220","https://openalex.org/W1995796724","https://openalex.org/W2006115852","https://openalex.org/W2009879276","https://openalex.org/W2016554976","https://openalex.org/W2017607181","https://openalex.org/W2020146738","https://openalex.org/W2020312071","https://openalex.org/W2020792001","https://openalex.org/W2025255246","https://openalex.org/W2028875161","https://openalex.org/W2034277383","https://openalex.org/W2040132593","https://openalex.org/W2040560871","https://openalex.org/W2041007883","https://openalex.org/W2042036420","https://openalex.org/W2048470767","https://openalex.org/W2049485572","https://openalex.org/W2051231928","https://openalex.org/W2054527173","https://openalex.org/W2059169693","https://openalex.org/W2059417788","https://openalex.org/W2065310340","https://openalex.org/W2071665206","https://openalex.org/W2072050528","https://openalex.org/W2074430637","https://openalex.org/W2077590486","https://openalex.org/W2078149962","https://openalex.org/W2078442184","https://openalex.org/W2079617773","https://openalex.org/W2083627327","https://openalex.org/W2086535250","https://openalex.org/W2090508338","https://openalex.org/W2106975563","https://openalex.org/W2114531984","https://openalex.org/W2121421441","https://openalex.org/W2129412960","https://openalex.org/W2132191606","https://openalex.org/W2138610845","https://openalex.org/W2138895125","https://openalex.org/W2147234281","https://openalex.org/W2149746383","https://openalex.org/W2150653337","https://openalex.org/W2153608263","https://openalex.org/W2155090950","https://openalex.org/W2155187131","https://openalex.org/W2168539291","https://openalex.org/W2275468578","https://openalex.org/W2322561651","https://openalex.org/W2325823188","https://openalex.org/W2336575980","https://openalex.org/W2338616022","https://openalex.org/W2339279176","https://openalex.org/W2398077019","https://openalex.org/W2401121492","https://openalex.org/W2402376640","https://openalex.org/W2414008833","https://openalex.org/W2416793735","https://openalex.org/W2417495088","https://openalex.org/W2418297880","https://openalex.org/W2438977491","https://openalex.org/W2438995858","https://openalex.org/W2469934277","https://openalex.org/W2503642261","https://openalex.org/W2518733347","https://openalex.org/W6829032278"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095564232","https://openalex.org/W2058803298","https://openalex.org/W2047009291","https://openalex.org/W4384134645","https://openalex.org/W2079305901","https://openalex.org/W2071126289","https://openalex.org/W1007904658","https://openalex.org/W2023291869","https://openalex.org/W2894854647","https://openalex.org/W1992347866"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"many":[1],"regions":[2],"of":[3,16,73,96,119,122,145],"Asia":[4],"and":[5,19,40,63,78,85,108],"Africa,":[6],"consanguineous":[7,77],"marriages":[8,31],"currently":[9],"account":[10,91],"for":[11,92],"approximately":[12],"20":[13],"to":[14,29,55],"50%":[15],"all":[17],"unions,":[18],"preliminary":[20],"observations":[21],"indicate":[22,132],"that":[23,133],"migrants":[24],"from":[25],"these":[26],"areas":[27],"continue":[28],"contract":[30],"with":[32,46,138],"close":[33],"relatives":[34],"when":[35],"resident":[36],"in":[37,53,70,76,83,110,129],"North":[38],"America":[39],"Western":[41],"Europe.":[42],"Consanguinity":[43],"is":[44,113],"associated":[45,137],"increased":[47,94],"gross":[48],"fertility,":[49],"due":[50],"at":[51,59],"least":[52],"part":[54],"younger":[56],"maternal":[57],"age":[58],"first":[60],"livebirth.":[61],"Morbidity":[62],"mortality":[64],"also":[65],"may":[66],"be":[67],"elevated,":[68],"resulting":[69],"comparable":[71],"numbers":[72],"surviving":[74],"offspring":[75],"nonconsanguineous":[79],"families.":[80,146],"With":[81],"advances":[82],"medicine":[84],"public":[86],"health,":[87],"genetic":[88],"disorders":[89],"will":[90,102],"an":[93],"proportion":[95],"disease":[97],"worldwide.":[98],"Predictably,":[99],"this":[100],"burden":[101],"fall":[103],"more":[104],"heavily":[105],"on":[106],"countries":[107],"communities":[109],"which":[111],"consanguinity":[112],"strongly":[114],"favored,":[115],"as":[116],"the":[117,120,134],"result":[118],"expression":[121],"deleterious":[123],"recessive":[124],"genes.":[125],"However,":[126],"studies":[127],"conducted":[128],"such":[130],"populations":[131],"adverse":[135],"effects":[136],"inbreeding":[139],"are":[140],"experienced":[141],"by":[142],"a":[143],"minority":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
