{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995809583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1144/1144-764905-037","title":"Structure and evolution of hydrothermal vent complexes in the Karoo Basin, South Africa","display_name":"Structure and evolution of hydrothermal vent complexes in the Karoo Basin, South Africa","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995809583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1144/1144-764905-037","mag":"1995809583"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1144/1144-764905-037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1144/1144-764905-037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1144/1144-764905-037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53451518","display_name":"Journal of the Geological Society","issn_l":"0016-7649","issn":["0016-7649","2041-479X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311650","host_organization_name":"Geological Society of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Geological Society of London"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Geological Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057436413","display_name":"Henrik Svensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7438-8622","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7438-8622"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henrik Svensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Physics of Geological Processes (PGP), Department of Physics, PO Box 1048, Blindern, University of Oslo, Norway (e-mail: hensven@fys.uio.no)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Physics of Geological Processes (PGP), Department of Physics, PO Box 1048, Blindern, University of Oslo, Norway (e-mail: hensven@fys.uio.no)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043344418","display_name":"Bj\u00f8rn Jamtveit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5700-1803","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5700-1803"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bj\u00d8rn Jamtveit","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Physics of Geological Processes (PGP), Department of Physics, PO Box 1048, Blindern, University of Oslo, Norway (e-mail: hensven@fys.uio.no)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Physics of Geological Processes (PGP), Department of Physics, PO Box 1048, Blindern, University of Oslo, Norway (e-mail: hensven@fys.uio.no)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068105372","display_name":"Sverre Planke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6128-2193","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6128-2193"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157768","display_name":"Volcanic Basin Petroleum Research (Norway)","ror":"https://ror.org/056sv4492","country_code":"NO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157768"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sverre Planke","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Physics of Geological Processes (PGP), Department of Physics, PO Box 1048, Blindern, University of Oslo, Norway (e-mail: hensven@fys.uio.no)","2Volcanic Basin Petroleum Research (VBPR), Oslo Research Park, 0349 Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Physics of Geological Processes (PGP), Department of Physics, PO Box 1048, Blindern, University of Oslo, Norway (e-mail: hensven@fys.uio.no)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Volcanic Basin Petroleum Research (VBPR), Oslo Research Park, 0349 Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157768"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062819004","display_name":"Luc Chevallier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131354","display_name":"Council for Geoscience","ror":"https://ror.org/03x9hh156","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131354"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luc Chevallier","raw_affiliation_strings":["3Council for Geoscience, PO Box 572, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3Council for Geoscience, PO Box 572, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131354"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7811,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":167,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96290813,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"163","issue":"4","first_page":"671","last_page":"682"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10001","display_name":"Geological and Geochemical Analysis","score":0.49000000953674316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10001","display_name":"Geological and Geochemical Analysis","score":0.49000000953674316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13177","display_name":"Geological and Geophysical Studies","score":0.22020000219345093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13193","display_name":"Geological Studies and Exploration","score":0.2190999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karoo-large-igneous-province","display_name":"Karoo Large Igneous Province","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karoo-basin","display_name":"Karoo Basin","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phreatic-eruptions","display_name":"phreatic eruptions","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sill-intrusion","display_name":"sill intrusion","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pore-pressure-buildup","display_name":"pore pressure buildup","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dolerite","display_name":"diabase","score":0.6610000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.76121586561203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156622251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1036221","display_name":"Hydrothermal circulation","level":2,"score":0.6604181528091431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.5870139598846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1898230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867648","display_name":"Hydrothermal vent","level":3,"score":0.5826765894889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.5141754150390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.5002822875976562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13106087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75507","display_name":"Paleozoic","level":2,"score":0.4354987144470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1965285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8008","display_name":"Earth science","level":1,"score":0.3824283480644226}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1144/1144-764905-037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1144/1144-764905-037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1144/1144-764905-037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53451518","display_name":"Journal of the Geological Society","issn_l":"0016-7649","issn":["0016-7649","2041-479X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311650","host_organization_name":"Geological Society of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Geological Society of London"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Geological Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.580.6954","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.580.6954","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://folk.uio.no/hensven/Svensen_etal_GSL_06.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.905.2457","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.905.2457","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://jgs.geoscienceworld.org/content/jgs/163/4/671.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2292133411","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://folk.uio.no/hensven/Svensen_etal_GSL_06.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65690283","https://openalex.org/W346178936","https://openalex.org/W581060099","https://openalex.org/W606557605","https://openalex.org/W988337704","https://openalex.org/W1485760970","https://openalex.org/W1540531038","https://openalex.org/W1599682259","https://openalex.org/W1869173131","https://openalex.org/W1966929797","https://openalex.org/W1971250818","https://openalex.org/W1974975954","https://openalex.org/W1982538832","https://openalex.org/W1983564203","https://openalex.org/W1995185494","https://openalex.org/W1996543201","https://openalex.org/W2005480194","https://openalex.org/W2005535576","https://openalex.org/W2015651542","https://openalex.org/W2019492831","https://openalex.org/W2022904816","https://openalex.org/W2033496847","https://openalex.org/W2034819700","https://openalex.org/W2035171494","https://openalex.org/W2035631448","https://openalex.org/W2042274367","https://openalex.org/W2056893699","https://openalex.org/W2070613300","https://openalex.org/W2071082330","https://openalex.org/W2077454732","https://openalex.org/W2079852953","https://openalex.org/W2085060601","https://openalex.org/W2085456872","https://openalex.org/W2091843401","https://openalex.org/W2092215865","https://openalex.org/W2093546508","https://openalex.org/W2106052163","https://openalex.org/W2115159383","https://openalex.org/W2129873763","https://openalex.org/W2140614341","https://openalex.org/W2148295110","https://openalex.org/W2288003277","https://openalex.org/W2303639969","https://openalex.org/W2313360333","https://openalex.org/W2334082616","https://openalex.org/W2337440569","https://openalex.org/W2341450928","https://openalex.org/W2507921084","https://openalex.org/W2608273953","https://openalex.org/W2971652660","https://openalex.org/W2996509926","https://openalex.org/W3124555074","https://openalex.org/W4235355304","https://openalex.org/W4245053629","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6703334057"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2292133411","https://openalex.org/W7096183270","https://openalex.org/W2092215865","https://openalex.org/W4322010232","https://openalex.org/W2106052163","https://openalex.org/W2596279950","https://openalex.org/W7135374667","https://openalex.org/W3045224269","https://openalex.org/W2139322094","https://openalex.org/W7135200369"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,70,170],"Karoo":[1,23],"large":[2],"igneous":[3],"province,":[4],"formed":[5,119],"at":[6],"c":[7],".":[8],"183":[9],"Ma,":[10],"is":[11],"characterized":[12],"by":[13,98,120],"the":[14,22,45,50,93,102,107,114,129,132,187,190],"presence":[15],"of":[16,49,54,65,81,131,156,189,193],"voluminous":[17],"basaltic":[18],"intrusive":[19],"complexes":[20,59,117,144,173],"within":[21],"Basin,":[24],"extrusive":[25],"lava":[26],"sequences":[27],"and":[28,68,73,78,83,154,167,178],"hydrothermal":[29,57,104,115,142,171],"vent":[30,58,108,116,143,172],"complexes.":[31,109],"These":[32],"last":[33],"are":[34,63,79,95],"pipe-like":[35],"structures,":[36],"up":[37],"to":[38,128],"several":[39],"hundred":[40],"metres":[41],"in":[42,92,106,140,146,162,181],"diameter,":[43],"piercing":[44],"horizontally":[46],"stratified":[47],"sediments":[48],"basin.":[51],"Detailed":[52],"mapping":[53],"two":[55],"sediment-dominated":[56],"shows":[60],"that":[61,113],"they":[62],"composed":[64,80],"sediment":[66],"breccias":[67,71,94],"sandstone.":[69],"cut":[72],"intrude":[74],"tilted":[75],"host":[76,157],"rocks,":[77],"mudstone":[82],"sandstone":[84],"fragments":[85],"with":[86],"rare":[87],"dolerite":[88],"boulders.":[89],"Sandstone":[90],"clasts":[91],"locally":[96],"cemented":[97],"zeolite,":[99],"which":[100,141],"represents":[101],"only":[103],"mineral":[105],"Our":[110],"data":[111],"document":[112],"were":[118],"one":[121],"or":[122],"a":[123,138],"few":[124],"phreatic":[125,168],"events,":[126],"leading":[127],"collapse":[130],"surrounding":[133],"sedimentary":[134],"strata.":[135],"We":[136],"propose":[137],"model":[139],"originate":[145],"contact":[147,182],"metamorphic":[148,183],"aureoles":[149],"around":[150],"sill":[151],"intrusions.":[152],"Heating":[153],"expansion":[155],"rock":[158],"pore":[159,164],"fluids":[160,179],"resulted":[161],"rapid":[163],"pressure":[165],"build-up":[166],"eruptions.":[169],"represent":[174],"conduits":[175],"for":[176],"gases":[177],"produced":[180],"aureoles,":[184],"slightly":[185],"predating":[186],"onset":[188],"main":[191],"phase":[192],"flood":[194],"volcanism.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
