{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995754619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0609268104","title":"On the origin of smallpox: Correlating variola phylogenics with historical smallpox records","display_name":"On the origin of smallpox: Correlating variola phylogenics with historical smallpox records","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995754619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0609268104","mag":"1995754619","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17901212","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2000395"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.0609268104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0609268104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0609268104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2000395","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100345667","display_name":"Yu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8815-6816","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8815-6816"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases, Coordinating Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases, Coordinating Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000928686","display_name":"Darin S. Carroll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4451-5482","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4451-5482"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darin S. Carroll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases, Coordinating Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases, Coordinating Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112156788","display_name":"Shea N. Gardner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shea N. Gardner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pathogen Bio-Informatics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pathogen Bio-Informatics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Matthew C. Walsh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew C. Walsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases, Coordinating Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases, Coordinating Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000038945","display_name":"Elizabeth A. Vitalis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth A. Vitalis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pathogen Bio-Informatics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pathogen Bio-Informatics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032895526","display_name":"Inger K. Damon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0749-0677","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0749-0677"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inger K. Damon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases, Coordinating Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases, Coordinating Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7956,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":220,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93950552,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"104","issue":"40","first_page":"15787","last_page":"15792"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11767","display_name":"Poxvirus research and outbreaks","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11767","display_name":"Poxvirus research and outbreaks","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11135","display_name":"Virology and Viral Diseases","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallpox","display_name":"smallpox","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variola-virus","display_name":"variola virus","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-clock-calibration","display_name":"molecular clock calibration","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variola-major","display_name":"variola major","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-nucleotide-polymorphisms","display_name":"single nucleotide polymorphisms","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence-time-estimation","display_name":"divergence time estimation","score":0.527999997138977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909788366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12214","display_name":"Variola virus","level":5,"score":0.8938652276992798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778417375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12214","display_name":"Smallpox","level":3,"score":0.8301852941513062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6848688125610352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44465124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q713623","display_name":"Clade","level":4,"score":0.5374326109886169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908589346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12214","display_name":"Smallpox virus","level":5,"score":0.44488129019737244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.4202501177787781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.38934585452079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90132467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184","display_name":"Phylogenetics","level":3,"score":0.389344722032547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.3616220951080322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.27939704060554504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781356689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1986297","display_name":"Vaccinia","level":4,"score":0.15619322657585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.06425383687019348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40767141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285697","display_name":"Recombinant DNA","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000076144","descriptor_name":"Egypt, Ancient","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004279","descriptor_name":"DNA, Viral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005843","descriptor_name":"Geography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009106","descriptor_name":"Mummies","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010802","descriptor_name":"Phylogeny","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012377","descriptor_name":"Rodentia","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012899","descriptor_name":"Smallpox","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012899","descriptor_name":"Smallpox","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012899","descriptor_name":"Smallpox","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012899","descriptor_name":"Smallpox","qualifier_ui":"Q000635","qualifier_name":"transmission","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012901","descriptor_name":"Variola virus","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012901","descriptor_name":"Variola virus","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012901","descriptor_name":"Variola virus","qualifier_ui":"Q000472","qualifier_name":"pathogenicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014943","descriptor_name":"Global Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016679","descriptor_name":"Genome, Viral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049690","descriptor_name":"History, Ancient","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.0609268104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0609268104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0609268104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:774805","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2000395","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2000395","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2000395","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:17901212","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17901212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Historical Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:774805","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2000395","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.428600013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W590197378","https://openalex.org/W630397110","https://openalex.org/W1491064619","https://openalex.org/W1513309874","https://openalex.org/W1563439648","https://openalex.org/W1864217392","https://openalex.org/W1906530678","https://openalex.org/W1969154557","https://openalex.org/W2020300744","https://openalex.org/W2022615977","https://openalex.org/W2036316881","https://openalex.org/W2045649781","https://openalex.org/W2058249170","https://openalex.org/W2072847420","https://openalex.org/W2074599058","https://openalex.org/W2082928585","https://openalex.org/W2089289875","https://openalex.org/W2094939159","https://openalex.org/W2097376441","https://openalex.org/W2105427558","https://openalex.org/W2107248520","https://openalex.org/W2113573946","https://openalex.org/W2115196140","https://openalex.org/W2125996704","https://openalex.org/W2127780601","https://openalex.org/W2139000267","https://openalex.org/W2143570636","https://openalex.org/W2145582166","https://openalex.org/W2148203965","https://openalex.org/W2162797950","https://openalex.org/W2167961398","https://openalex.org/W2169146632","https://openalex.org/W2278656318","https://openalex.org/W2398780695","https://openalex.org/W2461622741","https://openalex.org/W2492471270","https://openalex.org/W2748384280","https://openalex.org/W2978068698","https://openalex.org/W4240820205","https://openalex.org/W4247460802","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6631373107","https://openalex.org/W6738053171"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4283740520","https://openalex.org/W4313889829","https://openalex.org/W2040580662","https://openalex.org/W2041260908","https://openalex.org/W2560352004","https://openalex.org/W3091701739","https://openalex.org/W2757518938","https://openalex.org/W2790582643","https://openalex.org/W2740465368","https://openalex.org/W4381189870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"disease":[1],"likely":[2,80],"attributable":[3],"to":[4,47,110],"variola":[5,197],"virus":[6,88],"(VARV),":[7],"the":[8,112,121,126,155,192],"etiologic":[9],"agent":[10],"of":[11,52,64,131,187,194],"smallpox,":[12,132],"has":[13,37],"been":[14],"reported":[15],"in":[16,27],"human":[17,33],"populations":[18],"for":[19],">2,000":[20],"years.":[21],"VARV":[22,36,53,66,77,123,169],"is":[23,30],"unique":[24],"among":[25],"orthopoxviruses":[26],"that":[28,191],"it":[29],"an":[31,83,167],"exclusively":[32],"pathogen.":[34],"Because":[35],"a":[38,49,149],"large,":[39],"slowly":[40],"evolving":[41],"DNA":[42],"genome,":[43],"we":[44],"were":[45],"able":[46],"construct":[48],"robust":[50],"phylogeny":[51],"by":[54,120],"analyzing":[55],"concatenated":[56],"single":[57],"nucleotide":[58],"polymorphisms":[59],"(SNPs)":[60],"from":[61,82,135,154,160,166],"genome":[62],"sequences":[63],"47":[65],"isolates":[67,159],"with":[68],"broad":[69],"geographic":[70],"distributions.":[71],"Our":[72],"results":[73],"show":[74],"two":[75,180],"primary":[76,116,143],"clades,":[78],"which":[79,101,133],"diverged":[81,165,178],"ancestral":[84,168],"African":[85],"rodent-borne":[86],"variola-like":[87],"either":[89,137,170],"approximately":[90,93],"16,000":[91],"or":[92,106,139,172],"68,000":[94],"years":[95],"before":[96],"present":[97],"(YBP),":[98],"depending":[99],"on":[100],"historical":[102],"records":[103],"(East":[104],"Asian":[105,122],"African)":[107],"are":[108],"used":[109],"calibrate":[111],"molecular":[113],"clock.":[114],"One":[115],"clade":[117,144,164],"was":[118],"represented":[119],"major":[124,198],"strains,":[125],"more":[127],"clinically":[128],"severe":[129],"form":[130],"spread":[134],"Asia":[136],"400":[138],"1,600":[140],"YBP.":[141,185],"Another":[142],"included":[145],"both":[146],"alastrim":[147,195],"minor,":[148],"phenotypically":[150],"mild":[151],"smallpox":[152],"described":[153],"American":[156],"continents,":[157],"and":[158,175,196],"West":[161],"Africa.":[162],"This":[163],"1,400":[171],"6,300":[173],"YBP,":[174],"then":[176],"further":[177],"into":[179],"subclades":[181],"at":[182],"least":[183],"800":[184],"All":[186],"these":[188],"analyses":[189],"indicate":[190],"divergence":[193],"occurred":[199],"earlier":[200],"than":[201],"previously":[202],"believed.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}