{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995746554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670878709371105","title":"Weed competition and control in irrigated cotton in the Lake Chad Basin, Nigeria","display_name":"Weed competition and control in irrigated cotton in the Lake Chad Basin, Nigeria","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995746554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670878709371105","mag":"1995746554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09670878709371105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670878709371105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670878709371105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210182217","display_name":"Tropical Pest Management","issn_l":"0143-6147","issn":["0143-6147"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Pest Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005782623","display_name":"L. I. Okafor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262150","display_name":"Lake Chad Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01n32nv86","country_code":"NG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405262150"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"L. I. Okafor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lake Chad Research Institute, P.M.B. 1293, Maiduguri, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lake Chad Research Institute, P.M.B. 1293, Maiduguri, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405262150"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005782623"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405262150"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"1","first_page":"13","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12058","display_name":"Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12701","display_name":"Biological Control of Invasive Species","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed-competition","display_name":"weed competition","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigated-cotton","display_name":"irrigated cotton","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gossypium-hirsutum","display_name":"Gossypium hirsutum","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-emergence-herbicides","display_name":"pre-emergence herbicides","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluridone","display_name":"fluridone","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluometuron","display_name":"fluometuron","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-weeding","display_name":"hand weeding","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed-control-timing","display_name":"weed control timing","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield-loss","display_name":"yield loss","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lake-chad-basin","display_name":"Lake Chad Basin","score":0.9279999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6288537979125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775891814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101879","display_name":"Weed","level":2,"score":0.5896738767623901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.5116796493530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147273371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2739141","display_name":"Weed control","level":2,"score":0.47237804532051086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4614478647708893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.4331144392490387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.4103221893310547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2886764109134674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.23410537838935852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14833849668502808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.14378389716148376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.13921263813972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09670878709371105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670878709371105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670878709371105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210182217","display_name":"Tropical Pest Management","issn_l":"0143-6147","issn":["0143-6147"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Pest Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.991100013256073,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W299229198","https://openalex.org/W1983139661","https://openalex.org/W2947061031"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986641257","https://openalex.org/W2064407730","https://openalex.org/W2222568271","https://openalex.org/W1508659394","https://openalex.org/W2258274577","https://openalex.org/W2255777853","https://openalex.org/W2183141775","https://openalex.org/W2759561951","https://openalex.org/W2055201797","https://openalex.org/W224880274"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"field":[1],"experiments":[2],"were":[3,46,147],"conducted":[4],"at":[5,129,135],"Ngala":[6],"in":[7,32,48,53,86,104],"the":[8,13,55,80,151,154,178],"Lake":[9],"Chad":[10],"Basin":[11],"during":[12],"wet":[14],"seasons":[15],"of":[16,82,121,124,153],"1981":[17],"and":[18,28,43,67,73,99,110,133,157],"1982":[19],"to":[20,142],"investigate":[21],"weed":[22,30,84],"competition":[23,85],"as":[24,26],"well":[25],"chemical":[27],"manual":[29],"control":[31,90],"irrigated":[33,87],"cotton":[34,56,94,115],"(Gossypium":[35],"hirsutum":[36],"L.)":[37],"var.":[38],"Acala":[39],"1517C.":[40],"Pre\u2010emergence":[41],"herbicides":[42],"their":[44],"mixtures":[45],"tested":[47],"replicated,":[49],"randomized":[50],"block":[51],"trials":[52],"which":[54],"variety":[57],"was":[58],"grown":[59],"30":[60],"cm":[61,65],"apart":[62],"on":[63],"90":[64],"ridges":[66],"fertilized":[68],"with":[69,127],"50":[70],"kg":[71,75,131,137],"N/ha":[72],"40":[74],"P2O5/ha.":[76],"The":[77],"results":[78],"showed":[79],"importance":[81],"early":[83],"cotton.":[88],"Weed":[89],"14":[91],"days":[92,144,165],"after":[93,145,166],"emergence":[95],"produced":[96],"optimum":[97],"growth":[98,109],"yield.":[100],"Subsequent":[101],"weeding":[102],"delay":[103],"7\u2010day":[105],"increments":[106],"restricted":[107],"crop":[108,167],"reduced":[111],"yield":[112,119,152],"significantly.":[113],"Unweeded":[114],"suffered":[116],"an":[117],"average":[118],"loss":[120],"82.0%.":[122],"Yields":[123],"plots":[125,156,158],"treated":[126],"fluridone":[128],"1.0":[130],"a.i./ha":[132,138],"fluometuron":[134],"3.0":[136],"respectively":[139],"applied":[140],"1":[141],"2":[143],"sowing":[146],"significantly":[148,175],"higher":[149,176],"than":[150,163,177],"untreated":[155,179],"hand":[159,170],"weeded":[160,171],"once":[161,172],"later":[162],"21":[164],"emergence.":[168],"Plots":[169],"however,":[173],"yielded":[174],"plots.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
