{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995656269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13439000410001687779","title":"Web campaigning from a global perspective","display_name":"Web campaigning from a global perspective","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995656269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13439000410001687779","mag":"1995656269"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13439000410001687779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13439000410001687779","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13439000410001687779","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95859124","display_name":"Asia-Pacific Review","issn_l":"1343-9006","issn":["1343-9006","1469-2937"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asia-Pacific Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023415300","display_name":"Rachel Gibson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4573-613X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4573-613X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Gibson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politics","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023415300"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.3664,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":101,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96790773,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"95","last_page":"126"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.009999999776482582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10953","display_name":"E-Government and Public Services","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-party-websites","display_name":"political party websites","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electioneering","display_name":"electioneering","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/party-websites","display_name":"party websites","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/candidate-websites","display_name":"candidate websites","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electoral-assistance","display_name":"electoral support","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-access","display_name":"internet access","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/party-image","display_name":"party image","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-politics","display_name":"comparative politics","score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/europe","display_name":"Europe","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/australia","display_name":"Australia","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.7962344288825989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.704693078994751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5228288769721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.39008891582489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29400691390037537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09488865733146667}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13439000410001687779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13439000410001687779","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13439000410001687779","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95859124","display_name":"Asia-Pacific Review","issn_l":"1343-9006","issn":["1343-9006","1469-2937"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asia-Pacific Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au:1885/80886","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1885/80886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402539","display_name":"ANU Open Research (Australian National University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","host_organization_name":"Australian National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Asia-Pacific Review","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/736cd413-8b29-4fef-9830-85aa174697e2","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/736cd413-8b29-4fef-9830-85aa174697e2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gibson, R 2004, 'Web Campaigning from a Global Perspective', Asia-Pacific Review, vol. 11(1), pp. 95-126. https://doi.org/10.1080/13439000410001687779","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W181445640","https://openalex.org/W1966136392","https://openalex.org/W2034466487","https://openalex.org/W159686697","https://openalex.org/W2025238327","https://openalex.org/W2966325283","https://openalex.org/W2040645357","https://openalex.org/W4239711048","https://openalex.org/W2079519864","https://openalex.org/W3143512675"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"the":[1,6,14,33,57,81,85,100,121,138,190,201,207,210,218,235,246,250,255,269,276,280,299,306,310,326,335],"mid-1990s,":[2],"political":[3,106],"parties":[4,107,341],"around":[5],"world":[7],"have":[8,60],"been":[9,80],"moving":[10],"into":[11],"cyberspace.":[12],"During":[13],"early":[15],"years,":[16],"it":[17,154],"was":[18],"not":[19,171],"evident":[20],"that":[21,131,221,257,321],"many":[22],"of":[23,53,84,102,111,167,182,203,237,245,279,294,325,364],"them":[24],"had":[25],"any":[26],"clearly":[27],"defi":[28],"ned":[29],"ideas":[30],"about":[31],"why":[32],"internet":[34],"would":[35],"prove":[36],"useful,":[37],"or":[38],"how":[39,120],"they":[40,113],"should":[41],"present":[42,318],"themselves":[43],"on":[44,188],"it.":[45],"As":[46],"time":[47],"has":[48,79,185,222],"passed,":[49],"however,":[50],"a":[51,162,180,285,315,361],"number":[52,181],"key":[54,129,247],"uses":[55,78],"for":[56,157,271,289,309],"new":[58,143],"technology":[59],"emerged":[61],"as":[62,92],"well":[63],"some":[64,244],"common":[65],"trends":[66],"in":[67,109,165,177,209,305,328,344],"parties'":[68,145],"and":[69,73,90,118,148,192,212,226,230,232,239,254,274,342,347,355,367],"candidates'":[70],"website":[71,228,286,358],"content":[72,229],"appearance.":[74],"Paramount":[75],"among":[76],"those":[77],"increasing":[82],"use":[83],"World":[86],"Wide":[87],"Web":[88],"(WWW)":[89],"email":[91],"electioneering":[93],"tools.":[94],"This":[95],"paper":[96],"aims":[97],"to":[98,144,215,224,259,266,282,334,360],"chart":[99,200],"development":[101],"so-called":[103],"\"cyber-campaigning\"":[104],"by":[105],"both":[108],"terms":[110,166],"what":[112,150],"are":[114,123,135],"doing":[115],"(supply":[116],"side)":[117],"also":[119,233],"electorate":[122,327],"responding":[124],"(demand":[125],"side).":[126],"The":[127,173],"two":[128],"questions":[130],"will":[132],"be":[133,297],"addressed":[134],"1)":[136],"whether":[137,298],"practice":[139],"is":[140,155],"adding":[141],"anything":[142],"campaign":[146],"practices,":[147],"2)":[149],"difference,":[151],"if":[152,170],"any,":[153],"making":[156],"voters.":[158],"Does":[159],"cyber-campaigning":[160,178],"play":[161],"decisive":[163],"role":[164],"changing":[168],"minds,":[169],"hearts?":[172],"analysis":[174],"covers":[175],"developments":[176],"across":[179],"contexts":[183],"but":[184],"particular":[186],"emphasis":[187],"Europe,":[189],"US,":[191],"Australia.":[193],"Beginning":[194],"with":[195],"an":[196,303,353],"historical":[197],"overview,":[198],"we":[199,263],"rise":[202],"web":[204],"campaigning":[205],"since":[206],"mid-1990s":[208],"US":[211],"then":[213,264],"move":[214],"look":[216,267],"at":[217,268],"academic":[219],"research":[220],"attempted":[223],"compare":[225],"contrast":[227],"quality":[231],"explain":[234],"distribution":[236],"party":[238],"candidate":[240],"sites.":[241],"After":[242],"identifying":[243],"elements":[248],"within":[249],"cyber-campaign":[251],"tool":[252],"box,":[253],"factors":[256],"appear":[258],"promote":[260],"its":[261],"practice,":[262],"turn":[265],"audience":[270],"election":[272],"websites":[273],"discuss":[275],"crucial":[277],"issue":[278],"extent":[281],"which":[283],"having":[284,352],"actually":[287,301],"matters":[288],"parties.":[290],"One":[291],"obvious":[292],"measure":[293,316],"success":[295],"may":[296,317],"site":[300],"produces":[302],"increase":[304],"electoral":[307],"support":[308],"party.":[311],"However,":[312],"using":[313],"such":[314],"problems":[319],"given":[320],"more":[322,345,368],"than":[323],"half":[324],"most":[329],"countries":[330],"remains":[331],"without":[332],"access":[333],"web.":[336],"Perhaps":[337],"cyber-campaigns":[338],"benefi":[339],"t":[340],"candidates":[343],"subtle":[346],"diffuse":[348],"ways?":[349],"Would":[350],"perhaps":[351],"attractive":[354],"user":[356],"friendly":[357],"contribute":[359],"positive":[362],"image":[363],"organisational":[365],"competence,":[366],"importantly,":[369],"contemporary":[370],"relevance?":[371]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
