{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995644783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(94)90405-7","title":"SB 211475, a metabolite of carvedilol, a novel antihypertensive agent, is a potent antioxidant","display_name":"SB 211475, a metabolite of carvedilol, a novel antihypertensive agent, is a potent antioxidant","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995644783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(94)90405-7","mag":"1995644783","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8149979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0014-2999(94)90405-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(94)90405-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(94)90405-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187816532","display_name":"European Journal of Pharmacology","issn_l":"0014-2999","issn":["0014-2999","1879-0712"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040091190","display_name":"Tianli Yue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4768-5831","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4768-5831"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tian-Li Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033879598","display_name":"Patrick McKenna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1257-7758","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1257-7758"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick J. Mckenna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, P.O. Box 1539, UW-2510, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, P.O. Box 1539, UW-2510, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073759684","display_name":"Paul G. Lysko","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul G. Lysko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, P.O. Box 1539, UW-2510, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, P.O. Box 1539, UW-2510, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041361685","display_name":"Juan-Li Gu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan-Li Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, P.O. Box 1539, UW-2510, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, P.O. Box 1539, UW-2510, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086127535","display_name":"Kathryn A. Lysko","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathryn A. Lysko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, P.O. Box 1539, UW-2510, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, P.O. Box 1539, UW-2510, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112288569","display_name":"Robert R. Ruffolo Jr.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert R. Ruffolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, P.O. Box 1539, UW-2510, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, P.O. Box 1539, UW-2510, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110401252","display_name":"Giora Feurstein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giora Z. Feurstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, P.O. Box 1539, UW-2510, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, P.O. Box 1539, UW-2510, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040091190"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3230,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3230},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5362,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83311518,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"251","issue":"2-3","first_page":"237","last_page":"243"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10445","display_name":"Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10445","display_name":"Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13013","display_name":"Free Radicals and Antioxidants","score":0.0203000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10035","display_name":"Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carvedilol","display_name":"carvedilol","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-activity","display_name":"antioxidant activity","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-peroxidation","display_name":"lipid peroxidation","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ldl-oxidation","display_name":"LDL oxidation","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endothelial-protection","display_name":"endothelial protection","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydroxyl-radicals","display_name":"hydroxyl radicals","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superoxide-radicals","display_name":"superoxide","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebellar-neurons","display_name":"cerebellar neurons","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probucol","display_name":"probucol","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antihypertensive-drugs","display_name":"antihypertensive drugs","score":0.8669999837875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780591200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412534","display_name":"Carvedilol","level":3,"score":0.8226065635681152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776167589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10354103","display_name":"Probucol","level":3,"score":0.7922659516334534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412509","display_name":"Xanthine oxidase","level":3,"score":0.69877028465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6838738322257996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.6512136459350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.635566234588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780795997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413283","display_name":"Superoxide","level":3,"score":0.5806683301925659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777477808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407595","display_name":"Metabolite","level":2,"score":0.5577888488769531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780829032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898539","display_name":"Lipid peroxidation","level":3,"score":0.5522795915603638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779470414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50980","display_name":"Xanthine","level":3,"score":0.5394874215126038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.48686638474464417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777752497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286779","display_name":"IC50","level":3,"score":0.45234882831573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781116151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410305","display_name":"Hypoxanthine","level":3,"score":0.42459139227867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.19193056225776672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.15323373675346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.147864431142807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.10220596194267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778198053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181754","display_name":"Heart failure","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000244","descriptor_name":"Adenosine Diphosphate","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000959","descriptor_name":"Antihypertensive Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000975","descriptor_name":"Antioxidants","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001205","descriptor_name":"Ascorbic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001205","descriptor_name":"Ascorbic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002227","descriptor_name":"Carbazoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002417","descriptor_name":"Cattle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002839","descriptor_name":"Chromans","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004730","descriptor_name":"Endothelium, Vascular","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004730","descriptor_name":"Endothelium, Vascular","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005650","descriptor_name":"Fumarates","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007501","descriptor_name":"Iron","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007501","descriptor_name":"Iron","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007501","descriptor_name":"Iron","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008077","descriptor_name":"Lipoproteins, LDL","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009504","descriptor_name":"Neutrophils","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009504","descriptor_name":"Neutrophils","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009529","descriptor_name":"Nicardipine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010084","descriptor_name":"Oxidation-Reduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010879","descriptor_name":"Piperazines","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011412","descriptor_name":"Propanolamines","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013481","descriptor_name":"Superoxides","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013481","descriptor_name":"Superoxides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013755","descriptor_name":"Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014969","descriptor_name":"Xanthine Oxidase","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014970","descriptor_name":"Xanthines","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015227","descriptor_name":"Lipid Peroxidation","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016923","descriptor_name":"Cell Death","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017207","descriptor_name":"Rats, Sprague-Dawley","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017382","descriptor_name":"Reactive Oxygen Species","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019820","descriptor_name":"Xanthine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0014-2999(94)90405-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(94)90405-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(94)90405-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187816532","display_name":"European Journal of Pharmacology","issn_l":"0014-2999","issn":["0014-2999","1879-0712"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8149979","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8149979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European journal of pharmacology","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1016339346","https://openalex.org/W1527947633","https://openalex.org/W1973392395","https://openalex.org/W1983304194","https://openalex.org/W1991194822","https://openalex.org/W2005736060","https://openalex.org/W2010094123","https://openalex.org/W2016388562","https://openalex.org/W2033254898","https://openalex.org/W2041293207","https://openalex.org/W2045096999","https://openalex.org/W2046946523","https://openalex.org/W2048741316","https://openalex.org/W2067777187","https://openalex.org/W2073353638","https://openalex.org/W2074387820","https://openalex.org/W2087576911","https://openalex.org/W2099130096","https://openalex.org/W2120527123","https://openalex.org/W2121466759","https://openalex.org/W2259406371","https://openalex.org/W2412288714","https://openalex.org/W3133835723","https://openalex.org/W4237743113","https://openalex.org/W4242531299","https://openalex.org/W4246149649","https://openalex.org/W4255054329","https://openalex.org/W4255804418","https://openalex.org/W6653090223","https://openalex.org/W6692411941","https://openalex.org/W6715567001"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045517901","https://openalex.org/W2121466759","https://openalex.org/W2136471587","https://openalex.org/W2292263052","https://openalex.org/W1968134494","https://openalex.org/W1977184997","https://openalex.org/W2052000625","https://openalex.org/W1988972394","https://openalex.org/W7095310810","https://openalex.org/W2025265744"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}