{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995583752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/798051","title":"Photocatalytic Enhancement for Solar Disinfection of Water: A Review","display_name":"Photocatalytic Enhancement for Solar Disinfection of Water: A Review","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995583752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/798051","mag":"1995583752"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2011/798051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/798051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/798051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16879113","display_name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","issn_l":"1110-662X","issn":["1110-662X","1687-529X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/798051","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030366279","display_name":"John Byrne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9527-7659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9527-7659"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Anthony Byrne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanotechnology and Integrated BioEngineering Centre, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanotechnology and Integrated BioEngineering Centre, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068214502","display_name":"Pilar Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Iba\u00f1ez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6877-4684","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6877-4684"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pilar A. Fernandez-Iba\u00f1ez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Plataforma Solar de Almer\u00eda (CIEMAT), Crta Sen\u00e9s km 4, 04200 Tabernas, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Plataforma Solar de Almer\u00eda (CIEMAT), Crta Sen\u00e9s km 4, 04200 Tabernas, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071479977","display_name":"Psm Dunlop","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0902-0847","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0902-0847"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick S. M. Dunlop","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanotechnology and Integrated BioEngineering Centre, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanotechnology and Integrated BioEngineering Centre, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056234042","display_name":"Dheaya Alrousan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9726-9035","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9726-9035"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dheaya M. A. Alrousan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanotechnology and Integrated BioEngineering Centre, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanotechnology and Integrated BioEngineering Centre, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046686145","display_name":"Jeremy W. J. Hamilton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-4625","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-4625"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy W. J. Hamilton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanotechnology and Integrated BioEngineering Centre, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanotechnology and Integrated BioEngineering Centre, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030366279"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"],"apc_list":{"value":2160,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2160},"apc_paid":{"value":2160,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2160},"fwci":11.8144,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":220,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99008947,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2011","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10078","display_name":"Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques","score":0.7842000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10078","display_name":"Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques","score":0.7842000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10210","display_name":"Advanced oxidation water treatment","score":0.08060000091791153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10024","display_name":"TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells","score":0.06459999829530716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-disinfection","display_name":"solar disinfection","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-photocatalysis","display_name":"semiconductor photocatalysis","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drinking-water-disinfection","display_name":"drinking water disinfection","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathogen-inactivation","display_name":"pathogen inactivation","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waterborne-diseases","display_name":"waterborne diseases","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-water-treatment","display_name":"household water treatment","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-irradiance","display_name":"solar irradiance","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-pollutant-degradation","display_name":"organic pollutant degradation","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-cost-water-treatment","display_name":"low-cost water treatment","score":0.5270000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6553928852081299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776114971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2006636","display_name":"Waterborne diseases","level":3,"score":0.5872474908828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780151969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949149","display_name":"Sanitation","level":2,"score":0.5420634746551514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190960625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058719","display_name":"Water treatment","level":2,"score":0.5136722922325134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.48112764954566956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992865130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183129","display_name":"Contaminated water","level":2,"score":0.43789464235305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376","display_name":"Water quality","level":2,"score":0.4241589903831482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.34530210494995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2631971538066864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.13724243640899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.10129931569099426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2011/798051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/798051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/798051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16879113","display_name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","issn_l":"1110-662X","issn":["1110-662X","1687-529X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:89a4d0fc816a42d9961ef48d411d82ca","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/89a4d0fc816a42d9961ef48d411d82ca","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Photoenergy, Vol 2011 (2011)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2011/798051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/798051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/798051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16879113","display_name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","issn_l":"1110-662X","issn":["1110-662X","1687-529X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":1.0,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5690000057220459,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.504800021648407,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1855133159","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSD2006-00044 TRAGUA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314204","funder_display_name":"Invest Northern Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1987105222","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"INCO-CT-2006-031650","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3559619489","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"INCO-CT-2006-031650","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314204","funder_display_name":"Invest Northern Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4150380135","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"INCO-CT-2006-031650","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7311759925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSD2006-00044 TRAGUA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7891573784","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSD2006-00044 TRAGUA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314204","display_name":"Invest Northern Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/00qnrsq87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494402484","https://openalex.org/W1541385703","https://openalex.org/W1964528680","https://openalex.org/W1966996430","https://openalex.org/W1969811939","https://openalex.org/W1972322696","https://openalex.org/W1974748472","https://openalex.org/W1974895912","https://openalex.org/W1978875221","https://openalex.org/W1980640110","https://openalex.org/W1980652744","https://openalex.org/W1980745632","https://openalex.org/W1981158579","https://openalex.org/W1983950205","https://openalex.org/W1984020779","https://openalex.org/W1984717540","https://openalex.org/W1986561874","https://openalex.org/W1986632017","https://openalex.org/W1987235231","https://openalex.org/W1992197665","https://openalex.org/W2004739552","https://openalex.org/W2005055618","https://openalex.org/W2012279779","https://openalex.org/W2012497165","https://openalex.org/W2015353236","https://openalex.org/W2016109818","https://openalex.org/W2016493836","https://openalex.org/W2028700236","https://openalex.org/W2030946379","https://openalex.org/W2031848920","https://openalex.org/W2035150385","https://openalex.org/W2037357452","https://openalex.org/W2041289170","https://openalex.org/W2043603339","https://openalex.org/W2049357602","https://openalex.org/W2052714130","https://openalex.org/W2056067554","https://openalex.org/W2056518495","https://openalex.org/W2058033650","https://openalex.org/W2061456023","https://openalex.org/W2063132420","https://openalex.org/W2071839690","https://openalex.org/W2071981302","https://openalex.org/W2072211131","https://openalex.org/W2085088711","https://openalex.org/W2087789390","https://openalex.org/W2089557425","https://openalex.org/W2094641223","https://openalex.org/W2098448307","https://openalex.org/W2101723448","https://openalex.org/W2111062994","https://openalex.org/W2111195194","https://openalex.org/W2113963214","https://openalex.org/W2114248127","https://openalex.org/W2115066482","https://openalex.org/W2116687011","https://openalex.org/W2117552883","https://openalex.org/W2121577902","https://openalex.org/W2129775866","https://openalex.org/W2133329106","https://openalex.org/W2141737489","https://openalex.org/W2144370394","https://openalex.org/W2145274462","https://openalex.org/W2148443611","https://openalex.org/W2151939444","https://openalex.org/W2152636424","https://openalex.org/W2155622962","https://openalex.org/W2156611632","https://openalex.org/W2161220739","https://openalex.org/W2167814727","https://openalex.org/W2252904613","https://openalex.org/W2267580197","https://openalex.org/W2408328639","https://openalex.org/W3094274623"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2256892248","https://openalex.org/W1965186970","https://openalex.org/W6939494980","https://openalex.org/W4408448143","https://openalex.org/W4283716690","https://openalex.org/W3199132480","https://openalex.org/W2100020587","https://openalex.org/W2105459119","https://openalex.org/W1507642177","https://openalex.org/W2399351877"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,81,102,116,160],"estimated":[2],"that":[3,21,171],"884":[4],"million":[5,62],"people":[6],"lack":[7,44],"access":[8],"to":[9,17,40,74,87,110,123,157,166],"improved":[10],"water":[11,76,91,115,178],"supplies.":[12],"Many":[13],"more":[14],"are":[15,22,50,67,78,129],"forced":[16],"rely":[18],"on":[19],"supplies":[20,77],"microbiologically":[23],"unsafe,":[24],"resulting":[25,59],"in":[26,60,84,118],"a":[27,103,130,183,190],"higher":[28],"risk":[29],"of":[30,45,55,65,132,138,146,152,163,197],"waterborne":[31],"diseases,":[32],"including":[33,140],"typhoid,":[34],"hepatitis,":[35],"polio,":[36],"and":[37,43,105,121,149,176],"cholera.":[38],"Due":[39],"poor":[41],"sanitation":[42],"clean":[46],"drinking":[47,90,112],"water,":[48,113,148],"there":[49,80],"around":[51],"4":[52],"billion":[53],"cases":[54],"diarrhea":[56],"each":[57],"year":[58],"2.2":[61],"deaths,":[63],"most":[64],"these":[66],"children":[68],"under":[69],"five.":[70],"While":[71],"conventional":[72],"interventions":[73,86],"improve":[75],"effective,":[79],"increasing":[82],"interest":[83],"household-based":[85],"produce":[88,167],"safe":[89],"at":[92],"an":[93],"affordable":[94],"cost":[95,107],"for":[96,125,194],"developing":[97],"regions.":[98],"Solar":[99],"disinfection":[100,196],"(SODIS)":[101],"simple":[104],"low":[106],"technique":[108],"used":[109],"disinfect":[111],"where":[114],"placed":[117],"transparent":[119],"containers":[120],"exposed":[122],"sunlight":[124],"6":[126],"hours.":[127],"There":[128],"number":[131],"parameters":[133],"which":[134],"affect":[135],"the":[136,141,144,147,150,153,161],"efficacy":[137],"SODIS,":[139],"solar":[142,195],"irradiance,":[143],"quality":[145],"nature":[151],"contamination.":[154],"One":[155],"approach":[156],"SODIS":[158],"enhancement":[159,192],"use":[162],"semiconductor":[164,187],"photocatalysis":[165,188],"highly":[168],"reactive":[169],"species":[170],"can":[172],"destroy":[173],"organic":[174],"pollutants":[175],"inactivate":[177],"pathogens.":[179],"This":[180],"paper":[181],"presents":[182],"critical":[184],"review":[185],"concerning":[186],"as":[189],"potential":[191],"technology":[193],"water.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":52}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
