{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995458039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17511340910987338","title":"Workplace diversity in the United States: the perspective of Peter Drucker","display_name":"Workplace diversity in the United States: the perspective of Peter Drucker","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995458039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17511340910987338","mag":"1995458039"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/17511340910987338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17511340910987338","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17511340910987338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148189957","display_name":"Journal of Management History","issn_l":"1751-1348","issn":["1751-1348","1758-7751"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Management History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004131954","display_name":"Jennifer D. Oyler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206651237","display_name":"East Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01red3556","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206651237"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer D. Oyler","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Business and Technology, Texas A&M University \u2013 Commerce, Commerce, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Business and Technology, Texas A&M University \u2013 Commerce, Commerce, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206651237"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061587180","display_name":"Mildred Golden Pryor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206651237","display_name":"East Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01red3556","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206651237"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mildred Golden Pryor","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Business and Technology, Texas A&M University \u2013 Commerce, Commerce, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Business and Technology, Texas A&M University \u2013 Commerce, Commerce, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206651237"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206651237"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3216,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88839998,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"420","last_page":"451"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.8931000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.8931000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13235","display_name":"Management Theory and Practice","score":0.052400000393390656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14031","display_name":"Global and Cross-Cultural Management","score":0.020999999716877937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workplace-diversity","display_name":"workplace diversity","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peter-drucker","display_name":"Peter Drucker","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-management-thought","display_name":"history of management thought","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-trends","display_name":"demographic trends","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-resource-management","display_name":"human resource management","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-human-resource-management","display_name":"strategic human resource management","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enterprise-competitiveness","display_name":"enterprise competitiveness","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-discrimination-law","display_name":"anti-discrimination law","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-war-i-aftermath","display_name":"World War I aftermath","score":0.652999997138977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.6942334175109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202372285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056396","display_name":"Human resource management","level":2,"score":0.5862889885902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5821115374565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681","display_name":"Originality","level":3,"score":0.5456451177597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991722205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q776799","display_name":"Diversity management","level":3,"score":0.49167400598526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4863782227039337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.3899092376232147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.36984747648239136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.3569294214248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.343044638633728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.29915139079093933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1529587209224701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/17511340910987338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17511340910987338","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17511340910987338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148189957","display_name":"Journal of Management History","issn_l":"1751-1348","issn":["1751-1348","1758-7751"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Management History","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6452000141143799,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"score":0.5676000118255615,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":137,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34866991","https://openalex.org/W35224852","https://openalex.org/W94920493","https://openalex.org/W124052993","https://openalex.org/W161029794","https://openalex.org/W162648494","https://openalex.org/W185296353","https://openalex.org/W185411548","https://openalex.org/W247749841","https://openalex.org/W581813786","https://openalex.org/W589993612","https://openalex.org/W593256014","https://openalex.org/W610203164","https://openalex.org/W626162199","https://openalex.org/W1486861645","https://openalex.org/W1492214246","https://openalex.org/W1494878128","https://openalex.org/W1505226437","https://openalex.org/W1526797518","https://openalex.org/W1527247051","https://openalex.org/W1535879998","https://openalex.org/W1545373824","https://openalex.org/W1552546880","https://openalex.org/W1553768811","https://openalex.org/W1560549180","https://openalex.org/W1565937360","https://openalex.org/W1567765459","https://openalex.org/W1579517781","https://openalex.org/W1580611080","https://openalex.org/W1581212067","https://openalex.org/W1581878610","https://openalex.org/W1593343964","https://openalex.org/W1595130976","https://openalex.org/W1603436416","https://openalex.org/W1603450089","https://openalex.org/W1607876034","https://openalex.org/W1668418461","https://openalex.org/W1896027656","https://openalex.org/W1964105666","https://openalex.org/W1964793238","https://openalex.org/W1965641384","https://openalex.org/W1972975499","https://openalex.org/W1974886690","https://openalex.org/W1976941736","https://openalex.org/W1977129595","https://openalex.org/W1980090258","https://openalex.org/W1981724520","https://openalex.org/W1983668516","https://openalex.org/W1984955523","https://openalex.org/W1985924531","https://openalex.org/W1990495870","https://openalex.org/W1992188622","https://openalex.org/W1992574535","https://openalex.org/W1994279947","https://openalex.org/W1994691518","https://openalex.org/W2001115261","https://openalex.org/W2004081845","https://openalex.org/W2007726305","https://openalex.org/W2008801024","https://openalex.org/W2012150941","https://openalex.org/W2013098213","https://openalex.org/W2014174638","https://openalex.org/W2014410551","https://openalex.org/W2025155989","https://openalex.org/W2025398560","https://openalex.org/W2026020832","https://openalex.org/W2027491256","https://openalex.org/W2031805168","https://openalex.org/W2034448750","https://openalex.org/W2039820012","https://openalex.org/W2039958286","https://openalex.org/W2041283402","https://openalex.org/W2046145531","https://openalex.org/W2048229687","https://openalex.org/W2049035131","https://openalex.org/W2049133621","https://openalex.org/W2051886617","https://openalex.org/W2055162760","https://openalex.org/W2055229168","https://openalex.org/W2057746843","https://openalex.org/W2061977616","https://openalex.org/W2063513444","https://openalex.org/W2066206923","https://openalex.org/W2068137592","https://openalex.org/W2073296131","https://openalex.org/W2073802022","https://openalex.org/W2074272849","https://openalex.org/W2076517702","https://openalex.org/W2080150007","https://openalex.org/W2084020664","https://openalex.org/W2089357676","https://openalex.org/W2092750795","https://openalex.org/W2093358419","https://openalex.org/W2095056333","https://openalex.org/W2098766253","https://openalex.org/W2101067576","https://openalex.org/W2102513161","https://openalex.org/W2106722749","https://openalex.org/W2109421605","https://openalex.org/W2119066639","https://openalex.org/W2119490409","https://openalex.org/W2128614305","https://openalex.org/W2129940811","https://openalex.org/W2130989233","https://openalex.org/W2135158802","https://openalex.org/W2139206459","https://openalex.org/W2140597886","https://openalex.org/W2143641052","https://openalex.org/W2144341704","https://openalex.org/W2146035117","https://openalex.org/W2148690842","https://openalex.org/W2148993971","https://openalex.org/W2152127344","https://openalex.org/W2153656501","https://openalex.org/W2157544369","https://openalex.org/W2162825885","https://openalex.org/W2163501590","https://openalex.org/W2165426692","https://openalex.org/W2167365037","https://openalex.org/W2171523096","https://openalex.org/W2233183432","https://openalex.org/W2272794170","https://openalex.org/W2317382755","https://openalex.org/W2335153552","https://openalex.org/W2894776870","https://openalex.org/W2992472238","https://openalex.org/W2993848748","https://openalex.org/W3121871227","https://openalex.org/W3123733296","https://openalex.org/W3124536214","https://openalex.org/W3151602197","https://openalex.org/W4234066674","https://openalex.org/W4243337091","https://openalex.org/W4246820886","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4384659461","https://openalex.org/W6609278932"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4247641933","https://openalex.org/W4388913473","https://openalex.org/W2322261865","https://openalex.org/W4414309428","https://openalex.org/W2199705646","https://openalex.org/W1988876014","https://openalex.org/W2010711185","https://openalex.org/W49260153","https://openalex.org/W2900681681","https://openalex.org/W3012500744"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"The":[1,67],"emergence":[2],"of":[3,44,58,64,73,107,117,122,143,148,167,209,221,225,244],"diversity":[4,37,60,78,91,178,197,238,261],"in":[5,17,41,92,239],"organizations":[6],"is":[7],"typically":[8],"traced":[9],"to":[10,20,53,85,103,132,154,158,163,258],"the":[11,18,42,55,62,70,80,115,118,165,184,207,242,259],"1960s":[12],"when":[13],"legislation":[14],"was":[15],"enacted":[16],"USA":[19],"prohibit":[21],"discrimination":[22],"against":[23],"ethnicity,":[24],"gender,":[25],"national":[26],"origin,":[27],"race,":[28],"and":[29,79,89,110,120,236,249],"religion.":[30],"However,":[31],"Peter":[32,99],"Drucker":[33,171],"found":[34],"that":[35,82],"workplace":[36,59,77,123,138,177,196,260],"had":[38],"its":[39],"origin":[40],"aftermath":[43],"World":[45],"War":[46],"I.":[47],"In":[48],"response,":[49],"this":[50],"paper":[51,68],"aims":[52],"address":[54],"historical":[56,71,219],"evolution":[57,72],"through":[61,212],"lens":[63],"Drucker.":[65],"Design/methodology/approach":[66],"traces":[69],"Drucker's":[74,100,126,146,203,222,256],"perspective":[75],"on":[76,176,205],"circumstances":[81],"catapulted":[83],"him":[84,131,153],"advocate":[86,136],"for":[87,137,234],"understanding":[88,106,147,235],"valuing":[90,237],"organizations.":[93,240],"Further,":[94],"it":[95],"uses":[96],"passages":[97],"from":[98,183,201],"published":[101],"accounts":[102],"illustrate":[104],"his":[105,156,174,191,231],"demographic":[108,169,210],"trends":[109,113,211],"how":[111],"these":[112,144],"impacted":[114],"competitiveness":[116],"organization":[119],"management":[121,151,188,215,250],"diversity.":[124,139],"Findings":[125],"early":[127],"life":[128],"experiences":[129],"influenced":[130],"become":[133],"a":[134,141],"tenacious":[135],"As":[140],"reflection":[142],"experiences,":[145],"human":[149,160,186,213],"resource":[150,161,187,214],"led":[152],"implore":[155],"readers":[157],"use":[159],"practices":[162],"leverage":[164],"power":[166,208],"evolving":[168],"trends.":[170],"later":[172],"refined":[173],"prescriptions":[175],"by":[179],"incorporating":[180],"several":[181],"assumptions":[182],"strategic":[185],"literature":[189],"into":[190,230],"research.":[192],"Research":[193],"limitations/implications":[194],"Future":[195],"research":[198,226],"would":[199],"benefit":[200],"evaluating":[202],"propositions":[204],"leveraging":[206],"practices.":[216],"Originality/value":[217],"This":[218],"analysis":[220],"vast":[223],"body":[224],"provides":[227],"substantial":[228],"insight":[229],"practical":[232],"arguments":[233],"To":[241],"best":[243],"one's":[245],"knowledge,":[246],"organizational":[247],"researchers":[248],"historians":[251],"have":[252],"not":[253],"extensively":[254],"evaluated":[255],"contributions":[257],"literature.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
