{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995450389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(84)90020-7","title":"FCM: The fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm","display_name":"FCM: The fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995450389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(84)90020-7","mag":"1995450389"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0098-3004(84)90020-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(84)90020-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(84)90020-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61699894","display_name":"Computers & Geosciences","issn_l":"0098-3004","issn":["0098-3004","1873-7803"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Geosciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043324448","display_name":"James C. Bezdek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3901-7021","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3901-7021"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James C. Bezdek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044385522","display_name":"Robert Ehrlich","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Ehrlich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geology Department, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geology Department, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022862764","display_name":"William E. Full","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39587148","display_name":"Wichita State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00c4e7y75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39587148"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Full","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geology Department, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67208, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geology Department, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67208, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39587148"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4010,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4010},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0936,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6628,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93424133,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2-3","first_page":"191","last_page":"203"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11901","display_name":"Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13373","display_name":"Data Mining and Machine Learning Applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-c-means-clustering","display_name":"fuzzy c-means clustering","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fortran-program","display_name":"FORTRAN program","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-partitions","display_name":"fuzzy partitions","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prototype","display_name":"prototype","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-validity-index","display_name":"cluster validity indices","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-sensitivity","display_name":"noise sensitivity","score":0.6269999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7384027242660522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.6659186482429504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778241615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83303","display_name":"Fortran","level":2,"score":0.6252173185348511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5564252138137817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5258325338363647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5181295275688171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130367717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189791","display_name":"Diagonal","level":2,"score":0.4995310306549072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17212007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5511111","display_name":"Fuzzy clustering","level":3,"score":0.49073541164398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4404657483100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4022068381309509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16918325424194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0098-3004(84)90020-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(84)90020-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(84)90020-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61699894","display_name":"Computers & Geosciences","issn_l":"0098-3004","issn":["0098-3004","1873-7803"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Geosciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:soar.wichita.edu:10057/31506","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10057/31506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401479","display_name":"Holmes Museum Of Anthropology (Wichita State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39587148","host_organization_name":"Wichita State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39587148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"203","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12310307","https://openalex.org/W1623080549","https://openalex.org/W1977227170","https://openalex.org/W1978672426","https://openalex.org/W1987139609","https://openalex.org/W1987700241","https://openalex.org/W1994615541","https://openalex.org/W2000258075","https://openalex.org/W2113076747","https://openalex.org/W2148319454","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W2913066018","https://openalex.org/W3016210511","https://openalex.org/W3017143921","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4252521233","https://openalex.org/W4400445037","https://openalex.org/W6636468958","https://openalex.org/W6806421124"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2874540278","https://openalex.org/W2165695836","https://openalex.org/W4220795558","https://openalex.org/W2398543122","https://openalex.org/W2941132005","https://openalex.org/W2160396543","https://openalex.org/W4200264217","https://openalex.org/W1698234622","https://openalex.org/W1987634878","https://openalex.org/W2626264717"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":263},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":495},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":499},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":481},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":502},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":557},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":525},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":489},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":466},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":375},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":378},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":314},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":226},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":200},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":148}],"updated_date":"2026-10-22T18:32:59.640997","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
