{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995413085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008829","title":"Physical Activity and Stroke Incidence in Women and Men: The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study","display_name":"Physical Activity and Stroke Incidence in Women and Men: The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995413085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008829","mag":"1995413085","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8610699"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008829","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008829","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170967050","display_name":"American Journal of Epidemiology","issn_l":"0002-9262","issn":["0002-9262","1476-6256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039375728","display_name":"Richard Frank Gillum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9157-3837","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9157-3837"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330589705","display_name":"National Center for Health Statistics","ror":"https://ror.org/03p15s250","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1330589705"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. F. Gillum","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1330589705"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108459251","display_name":"M E Mussolino","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330589705","display_name":"National Center for Health Statistics","ror":"https://ror.org/03p15s250","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1330589705"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. E. Mussolino","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Hyattsville, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Hyattsville, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1330589705"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082100549","display_name":"Deborah D. Ingram","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330589705","display_name":"National Center for Health Statistics","ror":"https://ror.org/03p15s250","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1330589705"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. D. Ingram","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Hyattsville, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Hyattsville, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1330589705"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039375728"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1330589705"],"apc_list":{"value":4856,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4856},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.028,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":198,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99110194,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"143","issue":"9","first_page":"860","last_page":"869"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10352","display_name":"Physical Activity and Health","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10352","display_name":"Physical Activity and Health","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10227","display_name":"Acute Ischemic Stroke Management","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11209","display_name":"Cardiovascular and exercise physiology","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise","display_name":"physical activity","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke-incidence","display_name":"stroke incidence","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-inactivity","display_name":"physical inactivity","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke-risk-factors","display_name":"stroke risk factors","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-differences","display_name":"racial differences","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resting-heart-rate","display_name":"resting heart rate","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recreational-activities","display_name":"recreational activities","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke-prevention","display_name":"stroke prevention","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-aged-and-older-adults","display_name":"middle-aged and older adults","score":0.7799999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7805323004722595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.6778302192687988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.6357837319374084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.5478023886680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020255362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747883","display_name":"Physical activity","level":2,"score":0.516909122467041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.4947485625743866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779874844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1967281","display_name":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","level":3,"score":0.46815136075019836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3973447382450104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3397822678089142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.24521595239639282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.18371227383613586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.08866181969642639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002423","descriptor_name":"Cause of Death","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002561","descriptor_name":"Cerebrovascular Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002561","descriptor_name":"Cerebrovascular Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005500","descriptor_name":"Follow-Up Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011674","descriptor_name":"Pulse","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012306","descriptor_name":"Risk","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016016","descriptor_name":"Proportional Hazards Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017677","descriptor_name":"Age Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017678","descriptor_name":"Sex Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008829","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008829","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170967050","display_name":"American Journal of Epidemiology","issn_l":"0002-9262","issn":["0002-9262","1476-6256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8610699","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8610699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of epidemiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.521.7335","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.521.7335","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/143/9/860.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337364","display_name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W164281674","https://openalex.org/W199682464","https://openalex.org/W1932209141","https://openalex.org/W1987523848","https://openalex.org/W1988712344","https://openalex.org/W2011648696","https://openalex.org/W2032620928","https://openalex.org/W2036960482","https://openalex.org/W2076565121","https://openalex.org/W2080193350","https://openalex.org/W2086780357","https://openalex.org/W2117097088","https://openalex.org/W2132869622","https://openalex.org/W2160557016","https://openalex.org/W2213152590","https://openalex.org/W2248039094","https://openalex.org/W2274480862","https://openalex.org/W2290324718","https://openalex.org/W2350875432","https://openalex.org/W3131239660"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096809195","https://openalex.org/W2065783253","https://openalex.org/W4298232295","https://openalex.org/W2072935304","https://openalex.org/W2292133947","https://openalex.org/W2626660373","https://openalex.org/W4223641903","https://openalex.org/W7100980040","https://openalex.org/W1932209141","https://openalex.org/W1965510745"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"test":[1],"the":[2,17,33,97,125,175,180,233],"hypothesis":[3],"that":[4],"physical":[5,140,168,301,315],"inactivity":[6],"is":[7],"associated":[8,216,282],"with":[9,26,164,177,217,283,303],"increased":[10,219,285,305],"stroke":[11,75,92,151,193,222,288,308,323],"risk":[12,149,220,224,235,286,306],"in":[13,57,65,174,179,195,199,204,274,289,293,311,321,324],"women":[14,208,325],"and":[15,36,49,77,113,120,172,202,257,266,269],"men,":[16,201],"authors":[18],"analyzed":[19],"data":[20,29],"from":[21,104,110,114,118],"a":[22,72],"longitudinal":[23],"cohort":[24],"study":[25],"three":[27],"follow-up":[28,84,126],"collection":[30],"waves.":[31],"In":[32,206],"Nation":[34],"Health":[35],"Nutrition":[37],"Examination":[38],"Survey":[39],"I":[40],"(NHANES":[41],"I)":[42],"Epidemiologic":[43],"Follow-up":[44],"Study,":[45],"7,895":[46],"white":[47,196,200,207,312],"persons":[48,51,70,161,173],"black":[50],"aged":[52,209],"45-74":[53],"years":[54,87],"were":[55,68,102,132,188,262],"examined":[56],"1971-1975":[58],"as":[59,142,326,328],"part":[60],"of":[61,74,106,138,145,183,192,221,237,241,244,287,298,307,319],"NHANES":[62],"I.":[63],"Included":[64],"this":[66],"analysis":[67],"5,852":[69],"without":[71],"history":[73,240,243],"(fatal":[76,93],"nonfatal)":[78,95],"or":[79,94],"missing":[80],"data.":[81],"The":[82,147],"average":[83],"was":[85,96,152,215,281,309],"11.6":[86],"(maximum,":[88],"16.4":[89],"years).":[90],"Incident":[91],"main":[98],"outcome":[99],"measure.":[100],"Events":[101],"ascertained":[103],"cause":[105],"death":[107,111],"information":[108],"coded":[109,117],"certificates":[112],"discharge":[115],"diagnoses":[116],"hospital":[119],"nursing":[121],"home":[122],"records":[123],"during":[124],"period":[127],"(1971":[128],"through":[129],"1987).":[130],"Participants":[131],"asked":[133],"to":[134],"characterize":[135],"their":[136],"level":[137],"habitual":[139],"activity":[141,169,214,273,302,316],"low,":[143],"moderate,":[144],"high.":[146],"relative":[148],"for":[150,232,264,267,270],"estimated":[153],"by":[154],"Cox":[155],"proportional":[156],"hazards":[157],"regression":[158],"analysis,":[159],"comparing":[160],"reporting":[162,166],"low":[163,212,271,300],"those":[165,178],"high":[167],"at":[170],"baseline":[171,234],"upper":[176],"lower":[181],"tertile":[182],"resting":[184,278],"pulse":[185,279],"rate.":[186],"There":[187],"249":[189],"incident":[190],"cases":[191],"identified":[194],"women,":[197],"270":[198],"104":[203],"blacks.":[205],"65-74":[210],"years,":[211],"nonrecreational":[213],"an":[218,284,304],"(relative":[223],"=":[225],"1.82,95%":[226],"confidence":[227],"interval":[228],"1.10-3.02)":[229],"after":[230],"adjusting":[231],"factors":[236],"age,":[238],"smoking,":[239],"diabetes,":[242],"heart":[245],"disease,":[246],"education,":[247],"systolic":[248],"blood":[249],"pressure,":[250],"serum":[251],"total":[252],"cholesterol,":[253],"body":[254],"mass":[255],"index,":[256],"hemoglobin":[258],"concentration.":[259],"Similar":[260],"associations":[261],"seen":[263],"men":[265],"blacks":[268,290],"recreational":[272],"women.":[275,313],"A":[276,295],"higher":[277],"rate":[280],"but":[291],"not":[292],"whites.":[294],"consistent":[296],"association":[297],"reported":[299],"observed":[310],"Regular":[314],"may":[317],"be":[318],"benefit":[320],"preventing":[322],"well":[327],"men.":[329]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}