{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995377787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.589812","title":"Board size and diversity as governance mechanisms in community development loan funds in the USA","display_name":"Board size and diversity as governance mechanisms in community development loan funds in the USA","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995377787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.589812","mag":"1995377787"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00036846.2011.589812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.589812","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.589812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201533460","display_name":"Applied Economics","issn_l":"0003-6846","issn":["0003-6846","1466-4283"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005048618","display_name":"Valentina Hartarska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7424-8808","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7424-8808"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Valentina Hartarska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Economics, Auburn University, 210 Comer Hall, Auburn 36849, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Economics, Auburn University, 210 Comer Hall, Auburn 36849, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065147453","display_name":"Denis A. Nadolnyak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0961-8141","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0961-8141"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denis Nadolnyak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Auburn University, Auburn, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Auburn University, Auburn, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005048618"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3917,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94051819,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"33","first_page":"4313","last_page":"4329"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.4092000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.4092000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.25270000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.13009999692440033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/board-size","display_name":"board size","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/board-diversity","display_name":"board diversity","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/governance","display_name":"governance","score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-diversity","display_name":"gender diversity","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-diversity","display_name":"racial diversity","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-performance","display_name":"organizational performance","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonprofit-governance","display_name":"nonprofit governance","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-income-communities","display_name":"low-income communities","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-revitalization","display_name":"community revitalization","score":0.5189999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.7990654110908508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777764128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189539","display_name":"Loan","level":2,"score":0.7633517980575562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.7344951629638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4579334557056427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.4129977822303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.39607205986976624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3216751217842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.22919216752052307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0912560522556305}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00036846.2011.589812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.589812","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.589812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201533460","display_name":"Applied Economics","issn_l":"0003-6846","issn":["0003-6846","1466-4283"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:applec:44:y:2012:i:33:p:4313-4329","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00036846.2011.589812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7390999794006348,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W643259233","https://openalex.org/W1489470338","https://openalex.org/W1503525018","https://openalex.org/W1511199860","https://openalex.org/W1526996522","https://openalex.org/W1550980052","https://openalex.org/W1943136123","https://openalex.org/W1965226606","https://openalex.org/W1974114795","https://openalex.org/W1992770143","https://openalex.org/W2021770727","https://openalex.org/W2023187415","https://openalex.org/W2031754154","https://openalex.org/W2049552891","https://openalex.org/W2056247788","https://openalex.org/W2062150114","https://openalex.org/W2067589470","https://openalex.org/W2074132263","https://openalex.org/W2088894329","https://openalex.org/W2093106871","https://openalex.org/W2106383329","https://openalex.org/W2108548811","https://openalex.org/W2110821787","https://openalex.org/W2111652331","https://openalex.org/W2119246169","https://openalex.org/W2124758339","https://openalex.org/W2133354956","https://openalex.org/W2138071597","https://openalex.org/W2140176110","https://openalex.org/W2149902237","https://openalex.org/W2545500606","https://openalex.org/W2891717843","https://openalex.org/W2921414108","https://openalex.org/W3021889044","https://openalex.org/W3121500353","https://openalex.org/W3122716238","https://openalex.org/W3123323948","https://openalex.org/W3123713161","https://openalex.org/W3123769915","https://openalex.org/W3125601827","https://openalex.org/W3125898175","https://openalex.org/W3200006645","https://openalex.org/W4229772028","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4403424371"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2255133724","https://openalex.org/W7096216080","https://openalex.org/W2121519125","https://openalex.org/W2141884924","https://openalex.org/W7097990358","https://openalex.org/W2199738937","https://openalex.org/W4297370263","https://openalex.org/W7163839988","https://openalex.org/W4323929094","https://openalex.org/W4205543532"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Community":[0],"Development":[1],"Loan":[2],"Funds":[3],"(CDLFs)":[4],"in":[5,57,78],"the":[6,30,40,53,64,68,87],"US":[7],"help":[8],"revitalize":[9],"low-income":[10],"communities":[11],"by":[12],"providing":[13],"financial":[14],"services":[15],"to":[16,28,75,92],"underserved":[17],"populations.":[18],"This":[19],"article":[20,69],"uses":[21],"recently":[22],"available":[23],"data":[24],"from":[25,52],"several":[26],"surveys":[27],"explore":[29],"link":[31],"between":[32],"performance":[33],"and":[34,37,59],"board":[35,88],"size":[36,89],"diversity.":[38],"Given":[39],"unique":[41],"nature":[42],"of":[43],"CDLFs,":[44],"specific":[45],"hypotheses":[46],"are":[47],"formulated":[48],"based":[49],"on":[50,55],"insights":[51],"literature":[54],"governance":[56,77],"banks":[58],"nonprofit":[60],"institutions.":[61],"To":[62],"capture":[63],"CDLFs":[65],"multiple":[66],"objectives,":[67],"adapts":[70],"an":[71],"empirical":[72],"approach":[73],"used":[74],"study":[76],"banks.":[79],"The":[80,95],"results":[81,96],"show":[82],"that":[83,99],"efficiency":[84],"improves":[85],"as":[86],"increases":[90],"up":[91],"13":[93],"members.":[94],"also":[97],"suggest":[98],"gender":[100],"diversity":[101,108],"has":[102],"a":[103,112],"positive":[104],"impact,":[105],"while":[106],"racial":[107],"is":[109],"associated":[110],"with":[111],"negative":[113],"but":[114],"negligibly":[115],"small":[116],"impact.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}