{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995357698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1995.tb06434.x","title":"The D/DBP Rule: where did the numbers come from?","display_name":"The D/DBP Rule: where did the numbers come from?","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995357698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1995.tb06434.x","mag":"1995357698"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1995.tb06434.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1995.tb06434.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1995.tb06434.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24940445","display_name":"American Water Works Association","issn_l":"0003-150X","issn":["0003-150X","1551-8833","2164-4535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal AWWA","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111850468","display_name":"J. Alan Roberson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Alan Roberson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025750472","display_name":"John E. Cromwell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John E. Cromwell III","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002479581","display_name":"Stuart W. Krasner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-311X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-311X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stuart W. Krasner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016717131","display_name":"Michael J. McGuire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2076-3262","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2076-3262"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. McGuire","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088209267","display_name":"Douglas M. Owen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas M. Owen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052343688","display_name":"Stig E. Regli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stig Regli","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001778938","display_name":"R. Scott Summers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0958-9590","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0958-9590"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Scott Summers","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3050,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3050},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3033,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85961561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"87","issue":"10","first_page":"46","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11331","display_name":"Fecal contamination and water quality","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11781","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinfection-by-products","display_name":"disinfection by-products","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drinking-water-regulation","display_name":"drinking water regulation","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbiological-risk","display_name":"microbiological risk","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-risk","display_name":"chemical risk","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exposure-reduction","display_name":"exposure reduction","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compliance-costs","display_name":"compliance costs","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-benefit-analysis","display_name":"cost-benefit analysis","score":0.8539999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5211434364318848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3999471366405487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3588801622390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.3581160604953766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28670430183410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.20714563131332397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1995.tb06434.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1995.tb06434.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1995.tb06434.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24940445","display_name":"American Water Works Association","issn_l":"0003-150X","issn":["0003-150X","1551-8833","2164-4535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal AWWA","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.6618000268936157}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68944913","https://openalex.org/W94180056","https://openalex.org/W346197087","https://openalex.org/W1504234598","https://openalex.org/W1614332721"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2793873988","https://openalex.org/W1500749764","https://openalex.org/W2790421866","https://openalex.org/W1532106941","https://openalex.org/W2794163884","https://openalex.org/W2791130997","https://openalex.org/W2790178849","https://openalex.org/W2967471423","https://openalex.org/W2092334907","https://openalex.org/W2493466331"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Number":[0],"crunchers":[1],"helped":[2],"D/DBP":[3,82],"reg\u2010neg":[4],"participants":[5],"balance":[6],"chronic":[7],"chemical":[8,20],"risks":[9,23],"and":[10,21,48,69,85],"acute":[11],"microbial":[12,22],"risks.":[13],"Because":[14],"of":[15,71,81],"the":[16,35,41,49,55,61,67,78,86,95],"difficulties":[17],"in":[18,24],"balancing":[19],"drinking":[25],"water,":[26],"a":[27],"negotiated":[28,96],"rule\u2010making":[29,97],"process":[30],"was":[31],"used":[32],"to":[33,93],"develop":[34],"proposed":[36,42,50],"Disinfectants/Disinfection":[37],"Byproducts":[38],"(D/DBP)":[39],"Rule,":[40,47],"Enhanced":[43],"Surface":[44],"Water":[45],"Treatment":[46],"Information":[51],"Collection":[52],"Rule.":[53],"During":[54],"process,":[56],"negotiators":[57],"were":[58,91],"aided":[59],"by":[60],"Technologies":[62],"Working":[63],"Group,":[64],"which":[65],"quantified":[66],"costs":[68,89],"benefits":[70],"various":[72],"treatment":[73],"alternatives.":[74],"This":[75],"article":[76],"summarizes":[77],"technical":[79],"analyses":[80],"exposure":[83],"reductions":[84],"national":[87],"compliance":[88],"that":[90],"developed":[92],"support":[94],"process.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
