{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995278230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1963168","title":"The Political Economy of Pork: Project Selection at The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","display_name":"The Political Economy of Pork: Project Selection at The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995278230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1963168","mag":"1995278230"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1963168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1963168","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1963168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176007004","display_name":"American Political Science Review","issn_l":"0003-0554","issn":["0003-0554","1537-5943"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Political Science Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037612585","display_name":"John Hird","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John A. Hird","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts, Amherst","University of Massachusetts: Amherst#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts: Amherst#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037612585"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.9,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9738588,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"85","issue":"2","first_page":"429","last_page":"456"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12225","display_name":"Political Influence and Corporate Strategies","score":0.6708999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12225","display_name":"Political Influence and Corporate Strategies","score":0.6708999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.04360000044107437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13988","display_name":"Public Administration and Governance","score":0.03350000083446503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pork-barrel-politics","display_name":"pork barrel politics","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributive-politics","display_name":"distributive politics","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/project-selection","display_name":"project selection","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/u-s-army-corps-of-engineers","display_name":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-benefit-analysis","display_name":"cost-benefit analysis","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-analysis","display_name":"counterfactual analysis","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federal-infrastructure-funding","display_name":"federal infrastructure funding","score":0.3930000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.7715797424316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.7436959147453308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.7247589826583862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778701210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28130034","display_name":"Constructive","level":3,"score":0.6302592158317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.6142482757568359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5040949583053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.49961256980895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.465782105922699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.41633448004722595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.3912910223007202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.36949658393859863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.16222143173217773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.15093237161636353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0753794014453888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1963168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1963168","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1963168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176007004","display_name":"American Political Science Review","issn_l":"0003-0554","issn":["0003-0554","1537-5943"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Political Science Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cup:apsrev:v:85:y:1991:i:02:p:429-456_17","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400178669/type/journal_article","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7297000288963318}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60960045","https://openalex.org/W1502250275","https://openalex.org/W1534167464","https://openalex.org/W1543944614","https://openalex.org/W1555350213","https://openalex.org/W1572620239","https://openalex.org/W1965034769","https://openalex.org/W1977825494","https://openalex.org/W1978648732","https://openalex.org/W1985027273","https://openalex.org/W1995682677","https://openalex.org/W2052637180","https://openalex.org/W2067707437","https://openalex.org/W2076316673","https://openalex.org/W2083798126","https://openalex.org/W2091691208","https://openalex.org/W2141133777","https://openalex.org/W2170533065","https://openalex.org/W2324656367","https://openalex.org/W2347114416","https://openalex.org/W2462409776","https://openalex.org/W2543377153","https://openalex.org/W2606677521","https://openalex.org/W2795529078","https://openalex.org/W3015498602","https://openalex.org/W4244325035","https://openalex.org/W4391965190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076316673","https://openalex.org/W7096299164","https://openalex.org/W6973919427","https://openalex.org/W2295101722","https://openalex.org/W2302128274","https://openalex.org/W1571190686","https://openalex.org/W2102057273","https://openalex.org/W2144816475","https://openalex.org/W1576285862","https://openalex.org/W607004381"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"previous":[1],"studies":[2],"of":[3,29,42,57,75,84,91,137],"distributive":[4,58],"politics":[5,59,100],"scholars":[6],"have":[7,22,36],"investigated":[8],"legislative":[9,53,76],"influence":[10],"without":[11],"accounting":[12],"for":[13,64],"the":[14,30,40,73,88,94,119,135,141,149],"policies'":[15],"independent":[16],"merits.":[17],"As":[18],"a":[19,26,130],"result,":[20],"they":[21],"failed":[23],"to":[24,49,62,128],"include":[25],"plausible":[27],"explanation":[28],"counterfactual":[31],"(i.e.,":[32],"which":[33,46],"projects":[34,86],"would":[35],"been":[37],"funded":[38],"in":[39,72,118],"absence":[41,74],"congressional":[43],"committee":[44],"influence),":[45],"has":[47],"led":[48],"invalid":[50],"inferences":[51],"regarding":[52],"influence.":[54,77],"The":[55],"model":[56],"is":[60,126],"reformulated":[61],"account":[63],"an":[65],"assumed":[66],"efficient":[67],"and/or":[68],"equitable":[69],"project":[70,138],"allocation":[71],"Using":[78],"data":[79],"from":[80,148],"proposed":[81],"Army":[82],"Corps":[83],"Engineers'":[85],"and":[87,103,112,140],"funding":[89],"recommendations":[90],"three":[92],"institutions,":[93],"findings":[95],"indicate":[96],"that":[97,109],"pork":[98],"barrel":[99],"indeed":[101],"exists":[102],"imposes":[104],"significant":[105],"efficiency":[106,114,136],"costs":[107],"but":[108],"both":[110],"equity":[111],"economic":[113],"play":[115,129],"prominent":[116],"roles":[117],"decision-making":[120],"process":[121],"as":[122,153],"well.":[123,154],"Cost-benefit":[124],"analysis":[125,144],"seen":[127],"constructive":[131],"role":[132],"by":[133],"improving":[134],"choice;":[139],"corps's":[142],"cost-benefit":[143],"guidelines":[145],"are":[146],"beneficial":[147],"agency's":[150],"organizational":[151],"perspective,":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
