{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995256929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hms.2011.0562","title":"It Ain't Necessity, so . . . (With Apologies to George Gershwin)","display_name":"It Ain't Necessity, so . . . (With Apologies to George Gershwin)","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995256929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hms.2011.0562","mag":"1995256929"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/hms.2011.0562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hms.2011.0562","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hms.2011.0562","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154562576","display_name":"Hume studies","issn_l":"0319-7336","issn":["0319-7336","1947-9921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hume Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063615148","display_name":"Alan Hausman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alan Hausman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063615148"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.696,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89451477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"87","last_page":"101"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14371","display_name":"Hume's philosophy and hair distribution","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14371","display_name":"Hume's philosophy and hair distribution","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.016300000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/david-hume","display_name":"David Hume","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/necessary-connection","display_name":"necessary connection","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-necessity","display_name":"causal necessity","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-necessity","display_name":"logical necessity","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-conjunction","display_name":"constant conjunction","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laws-of-nature","display_name":"laws of nature","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/george-gershwin","display_name":"George Gershwin","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-and-music","display_name":"music and philosophy","score":0.3490000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.705685019493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.6739898920059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777179996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911222","display_name":"Mistake","level":2,"score":0.6225845813751221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781374135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422898","display_name":"Explication","level":2,"score":0.596025824546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5615203380584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777206241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194431","display_name":"Paragraph","level":2,"score":0.5155712962150574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780277889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282301","display_name":"Demonstrative","level":2,"score":0.5088803768157959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781451568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16965475","display_name":"Stipulation","level":2,"score":0.5003151893615723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150104678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q953129","display_name":"Reflexive pronoun","level":2,"score":0.4734988808631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13355873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920850","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","level":2,"score":0.4700312316417694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67101536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535910","display_name":"George (robot)","level":2,"score":0.45577171444892883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166151441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4923601","display_name":"Causation","level":2,"score":0.44636887311935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776285698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642214","display_name":"Exposition (narrative)","level":2,"score":0.42666542530059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1971869170665741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14154237508773804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/hms.2011.0562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hms.2011.0562","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hms.2011.0562","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154562576","display_name":"Hume studies","issn_l":"0319-7336","issn":["0319-7336","1947-9921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hume Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/389420","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/389420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W588908907","https://openalex.org/W1496846568","https://openalex.org/W1540831167","https://openalex.org/W1591422284","https://openalex.org/W2057691249","https://openalex.org/W2317004930","https://openalex.org/W2317380342","https://openalex.org/W2321264539"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2494275563","https://openalex.org/W3147287268","https://openalex.org/W2008762363","https://openalex.org/W6886164014","https://openalex.org/W2131952886","https://openalex.org/W1816375731","https://openalex.org/W1577470873","https://openalex.org/W4229666535","https://openalex.org/W4232812498","https://openalex.org/W6991726038"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"IT":[0],"AIN'T":[1],"NECESSITY,":[2],"SO":[3],".":[4,5,6,550,683],"(With":[7],"Apologies":[8],"to":[9,34,87,238,372,442,450,514,520,533,563,633,638,643],"George":[10],"Gershwin)":[11],"I":[12,76,120,202,233,251,267,278,350,356,495],"shall":[13,234,252,268,279,477],"argue":[14],"in":[15,100,217,263,374,523,581,602,618,646],"this":[16,93,538,596],"paper":[17],"that":[18,30,49,65,140,163,186,213,302,365,378,430,497,590,653],"what":[19,31,75,112,405],"Hume":[20,106,187,366],"calls":[21,114],"the":[22,36,101,109,126,146,184,225,239,243,282,286,294,322,330,383,394,400,428,431,437,440,445,463,466,469,499,504,507,534,546,555,564,582,587,593,603,616,631,658,662,668,681,693],"idea":[23,37,69,116,229,432,452,470,547,565,676],"of":[24,38,70,92,111,117,192,221,224,227,230,242,257,260,274,285,310,312,319,325,344,361,425,433,439,447,453,468,471,488,501,503,529,548,566,589,595,622,630,652,661,687,695],"necessary":[25,39,56,72,118,305,472],"connection":[26,40,73,473],"is":[27,41,47,67,95,248,327,367,406,509,606,657,677],"mislabelled,":[28],"and":[29,60,180,198,290,351,357,427,519,574,642,664,697],"he":[32,113],"ought":[33],"call":[35,77],"not":[42,48,144,300,389],"so":[43],"labelled.":[44],"My":[45,133,246],"argument":[46],"there":[50,66,208,303],"are,":[51],"on":[52,157,183,315,465,571],"Hume's":[53,138,176,222,258,316,341,422],"view,":[54],"real":[55,608],"connections":[57,142,380],"between":[58,178,288],"causes":[59],"their":[61],"effects":[62],"but":[63,390],"rather":[64],"an":[68,236,358,451],"genuine":[71],"\u2014":[74,80],"logical":[78,275,289,323,338],"necessity":[79,193,434,549,698],"which":[81,326,543,560,584,605],"we":[82,417,476,612,625],"all":[83],"mistakenly":[84],"believe":[85,301,364,418],"extends":[86],"causal":[88,141,231,264,291,306,379],"connections.":[89,307],"The":[90,457,684],"genesis":[91,284],"mistake":[94],"given":[96,137,414],"a":[97,255,272,409,448,486,492,524,599,619,628,647],"psychological":[98,410],"explanation":[99,411],"Treatise.":[102],"Precisely":[103],"how":[104],"does":[105,299],"account":[107,191,259,528,651],"for":[108,172,194,415],"origin":[110,226],"our":[115,228,261],"connection?":[119],"have":[121,568,613],"argued":[122],"elsewhere":[123],"that,":[124,136],"whatever":[125],"answer,":[127],"it":[128,419,522,645],"has":[129,160,174],"little":[130],"philosophical":[131,211],"importance.":[132],"reason":[134],"was":[135,167],"view":[139,223,273,317,429],"are":[143,209,304,314,381,388],"necessary,":[145],"question":[147,241],"must":[148,214,666],"be":[149,215,413,482,586,667],"viewed":[150],"as":[151,249],"one":[152,190,502,636],"within":[153],"psychology.":[154],"Recent":[155],"work":[156],"Hume,":[158,373],"however,":[159],"convinced":[161],"me":[162,545],"my":[164],"former":[165],"opinion":[166],"much":[168,205],"too":[169],"quick.":[170],"Imlay,":[171],"example,":[173],"challenged":[175],"distinction":[177],"demonstrative":[179],"probable":[181],"inference":[182],"grounds":[185],"gives":[188],"only":[189,408,659],"both":[195],"2":[196],"mathematical":[197],"lawlike":[199],"truths.":[200],"As":[201,475],"now":[203],"see":[204],"more":[206],"clearly,":[207],"important":[210],"distinctions":[212],"made":[216],"any":[218,578],"full":[219],"explication":[220],"necessity.":[232,265,276,292],"attempt":[235],"answer":[237],"lead":[240],"second":[244,423],"paragraph.":[245],"strategy":[247],"follows.":[250],"first":[253,342,535],"present":[254],"synopsis":[256],"belief":[262],"Next,":[266],"develop":[269],"87.":[270],"88.":[271],"Finally,":[277],"briefly":[280],"examine":[281],"exact":[283],"confusion":[287],"Consider":[293],"following":[295],"three":[296,348,458],"propositions:":[297],"(1)Hume":[298],"(2)All":[308],"statements":[309],"laws":[311],"nature":[313],"descriptions":[318],"constant":[320],"conjunctions,":[321],"form":[324,339],"captured":[328],"by":[329,512],"Russellian":[331],"\"":[332],"(x)":[333],"[fx":[334],"=>":[335],"gx].\"":[336],"(3)This":[337],"captures":[340],"definition":[343,424],"\"cause.\"":[345],"On":[346],"these":[347,479],"propositions":[349],"many":[352],"other":[353],"philosophers":[354,362],"agree.":[355],"ever-shrinking":[359],"number":[360,487,621],"also":[363],"right.":[368],"But":[369],"everyone,":[370],"according":[371],"some":[375],"sense":[376],"believes":[377,404],"necessary;":[382],"Humean":[384],"philosopher":[385],"knows":[386],"they":[387],"acts":[391,398],"otherwise,":[392],"while":[393],"ordinary":[395],"person":[396],"simply":[397],"without":[399,484],"knowledge.":[401],"Since":[402],"everyone":[403],"false,":[407],"can":[412,575,585],"why":[416],"anyway.":[420],"Thus,":[421],"\"cause\",":[426],"arises":[435],"from":[436,444,462,635,680],"determination":[438,629,656],"mind":[441,508,632],"pass":[443,634],"impression":[446,601],"cause":[449],"3":[454],"its":[455,516,531,607,639],"effect.":[456],"most":[459],"salient":[460],"passages":[461,480],"Treatise":[464],"production":[467],"follow.":[474],"see,":[478],"cannot":[481],"understood":[483],"considering":[485],"others.":[489],"For":[490,610],"after":[491,611],"frequent":[493],"repetition,":[494],"find,":[496],"upon":[498,527,650],"appearance":[500],"objecte":[505],",":[506,559,624,674,701],"determin":[510],"'d":[511,615,679],"custom":[513],"consider":[515,521],"usual":[517,640],"attendant,":[518,641],"stronger":[525,648],"light":[526,649],"89.":[530],"relation":[532],"object.":[536],"'Tis":[537],"impression,":[539],"then,":[540],"or":[541,672],"determination,":[542],"affords":[544],"(T":[551],"156)":[552],"Tho":[553],"'":[554],"several":[556,685],"resembling":[557,688],"instances":[558,623,686],"give":[561],"rise":[562],"power,":[567],"no":[569],"influence":[570],"each":[572],"other,":[573],"never":[576],"produce":[577],"new":[579,600],"quality":[580],"object,":[583],"model":[588],"idea,":[591],"yet":[592],"observation":[594],"resemblance":[597,617,682],"produces":[598],"mind,":[604],"model.":[609],"observ":[614],"sufficient":[620],"immediately":[626],"feel":[627],"object":[637],"conceive":[644],"relation.":[654],"This":[655],"effect":[660],"resemblance;":[663],"therefore":[665],"same":[669],"with":[670],"power":[671,696],"efficacy":[673],"whose":[675],"deriv":[678],"conjunctions":[689],"leads":[690],"us":[691],"into":[692],"notion":[694],"....":[699],"Necessity":[700],"then...":[702]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
