{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995197345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.73.2.177","title":"Community violence and sociomoral development: An African American cultural perspective.","display_name":"Community violence and sociomoral development: An African American cultural perspective.","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995197345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.73.2.177","mag":"1995197345","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12769239"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/0002-9432.73.2.177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.73.2.177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.73.2.177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84156235","display_name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","issn_l":"0002-9432","issn":["0002-9432","1939-0025"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026108384","display_name":"Tara L. Kuther","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204366597","display_name":"Western Connecticut State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01565p617","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204366597","https://openalex.org/I4210132746"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tara L. Kuther","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Western Connecticut State University, Danbury 06810, USA. Kuther@wcsu.edu","Western Connecticut State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Western Connecticut State University, Danbury 06810, USA. Kuther@wcsu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204366597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Connecticut State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204366597"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020524249","display_name":"Scyatta A. Wallace","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4389425366","display_name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/040vxhp34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281378812","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I4389425366"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scyatta A. Wallace","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4389425366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0264,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79214781,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"2","first_page":"177","last_page":"189"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.5609999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.5609999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10426","display_name":"Child Abuse and Trauma","score":0.19419999420642853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.13019999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-violence","display_name":"community violence","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociomoral-development","display_name":"sociomoral development","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american-culture","display_name":"African American culture","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-reasoning","display_name":"moral reasoning","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exposure-to-violence","display_name":"violence exposure","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-perspective","display_name":"cultural perspective","score":0.39899998903274536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6847764253616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.5229173898696899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.46510252356529236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.45853787660598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.4534185528755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76247681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6909101","display_name":"Moral development","level":2,"score":0.4289018511772156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987028688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49085","display_name":"African american","level":2,"score":0.4265403747558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4067314863204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3783918023109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.3526153266429901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.34628719091415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3274160325527191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.1820552945137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.1651138961315155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.1454324722290039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003466","descriptor_name":"Cultural Characteristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005544","descriptor_name":"Forecasting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009014","descriptor_name":"Morals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012111","descriptor_name":"Residence Characteristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012945","descriptor_name":"Social Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014754","descriptor_name":"Violence","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014754","descriptor_name":"Violence","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019548","descriptor_name":"Crime Victims","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/0002-9432.73.2.177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.73.2.177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.73.2.177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84156235","display_name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","issn_l":"0002-9432","issn":["0002-9432","1939-0025"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12769239","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12769239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of orthopsychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6652138","https://openalex.org/W42893608","https://openalex.org/W44820810","https://openalex.org/W224406727","https://openalex.org/W613791728","https://openalex.org/W622149654","https://openalex.org/W631148602","https://openalex.org/W1483090415","https://openalex.org/W1509309663","https://openalex.org/W1515738417","https://openalex.org/W1540113360","https://openalex.org/W1574599158","https://openalex.org/W1624814019","https://openalex.org/W1667065416","https://openalex.org/W1817059948","https://openalex.org/W1848590358","https://openalex.org/W1853232782","https://openalex.org/W1943962931","https://openalex.org/W1950588501","https://openalex.org/W1965456513","https://openalex.org/W1971444312","https://openalex.org/W1974832913","https://openalex.org/W1981436846","https://openalex.org/W1984235632","https://openalex.org/W1985075644","https://openalex.org/W1994376309","https://openalex.org/W1996097740","https://openalex.org/W1998466311","https://openalex.org/W2000645531","https://openalex.org/W2005231180","https://openalex.org/W2008137764","https://openalex.org/W2008915673","https://openalex.org/W2012061818","https://openalex.org/W2014043183","https://openalex.org/W2014754467","https://openalex.org/W2015028597","https://openalex.org/W2015622864","https://openalex.org/W2016647983","https://openalex.org/W2026344769","https://openalex.org/W2027652003","https://openalex.org/W2030784524","https://openalex.org/W2030836866","https://openalex.org/W2035250122","https://openalex.org/W2038620863","https://openalex.org/W2039840407","https://openalex.org/W2043169626","https://openalex.org/W2044472245","https://openalex.org/W2046222075","https://openalex.org/W2047969251","https://openalex.org/W2052637123","https://openalex.org/W2056079806","https://openalex.org/W2056089269","https://openalex.org/W2058114089","https://openalex.org/W2058627354","https://openalex.org/W2061488943","https://openalex.org/W2064413875","https://openalex.org/W2068998032","https://openalex.org/W2070909357","https://openalex.org/W2084926891","https://openalex.org/W2087950433","https://openalex.org/W2089928923","https://openalex.org/W2092747612","https://openalex.org/W2096694261","https://openalex.org/W2103125953","https://openalex.org/W2107472788","https://openalex.org/W2116637301","https://openalex.org/W2117352391","https://openalex.org/W2126877640","https://openalex.org/W2131822093","https://openalex.org/W2136337873","https://openalex.org/W2152694446","https://openalex.org/W2157173475","https://openalex.org/W2158928523","https://openalex.org/W2167723703","https://openalex.org/W2171891188","https://openalex.org/W2796536442","https://openalex.org/W2964783009","https://openalex.org/W3080154260","https://openalex.org/W3197584198","https://openalex.org/W4236037600","https://openalex.org/W4245621651","https://openalex.org/W4247442712","https://openalex.org/W4249912834","https://openalex.org/W4251802213","https://openalex.org/W4252447152","https://openalex.org/W4252740080","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4301053517","https://openalex.org/W4301139049","https://openalex.org/W4313635061","https://openalex.org/W6729137424","https://openalex.org/W6745956893"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W13063602","https://openalex.org/W2298751203","https://openalex.org/W6652138","https://openalex.org/W4317358818","https://openalex.org/W6888970750","https://openalex.org/W7006613869","https://openalex.org/W1914135480","https://openalex.org/W2117352391","https://openalex.org/W2135963786","https://openalex.org/W2958706993"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"review":[1],"considers":[2],"the":[3,14,28,36,41],"impact":[4],"of":[5,20,27,35,38,43],"exposure":[6],"to":[7],"community":[8],"violence":[9],"on":[10],"sociomoral":[11],"development":[12,42],"within":[13],"African":[15,29],"American":[16,30],"community.":[17],"Common":[18],"sequelae":[19],"covictimization,":[21],"as":[22,24],"well":[23],"cultural":[25],"experiences":[26],"community,":[31],"frame":[32],"a":[33],"discussion":[34],"implications":[37],"covictimization":[39],"for":[40,47],"moral":[44],"reasoning.":[45],"Recommendations":[46],"future":[48],"research":[49],"and":[50],"intervention":[51],"are":[52],"provided.":[53]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
