{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995154403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.136.3.350","title":"Circumcision and Genital Dermatoses","display_name":"Circumcision and Genital Dermatoses","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995154403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.136.3.350","mag":"1995154403","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10724196"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/archderm.136.3.350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.136.3.350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.136.3.350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115046667","display_name":"Archives of Dermatology","issn_l":"0003-987X","issn":["0003-987X","1538-3652"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Dermatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1995154403"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103494018","display_name":"Eleanor Mallon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136304","display_name":"Chelsea and Westminster Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/038zxea36","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799869770","https://openalex.org/I4210136304"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eleanor Mallon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136304","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044206468","display_name":"DAVID A. HAWKINS","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5930-9844","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5930-9844"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Hawkins","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109473854","display_name":"Michael D. Dinneen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Dinneen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nicholas Francis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Francis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010084884","display_name":"Louise A. Fearfield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1122-4216","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1122-4216"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louise Fearfield","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019807456","display_name":"Roger B. Newson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger Newson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090958510","display_name":"Christopher Barry Bunker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6693-7483","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6693-7483"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Bunker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6684,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":202,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95882803,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"136","issue":"3","first_page":"350","last_page":"354"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11713","display_name":"Genital Health and Disease","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11713","display_name":"Genital Health and Disease","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11815","display_name":"Urological Disorders and Treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12655","display_name":"Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circumcision","display_name":"circumcision","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreskin","display_name":"prepuce","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncircumcised-men","display_name":"uncircumcised men","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psoriasis","display_name":"psoriasis","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lichen-sclerosus","display_name":"lichen sclerosus","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lichen-planus","display_name":"lichen planus","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seborrheic-dermatitis","display_name":"seborrheic dermatitis","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balanitis","display_name":"balanitis","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penile-infection","display_name":"penile infection","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bowenoid-papulosis","display_name":"Bowenoid papulosis","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bowen-s-disease","display_name":"Bowen's disease","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penile-cancer","display_name":"penile cancer","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/koebner-phenomenon","display_name":"Koebner phenomenon","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexually-transmitted-infections","display_name":"sexually transmitted infections","score":0.7329999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776552008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1641400","display_name":"Lichen sclerosus","level":2,"score":0.9491573572158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673203","display_name":"Foreskin","level":3,"score":0.9121493697166443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8549350500106812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778426668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138584","display_name":"Balanitis","level":2,"score":0.820122480392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.7657741904258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5534498691558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780564577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179945","display_name":"Psoriasis","level":2,"score":0.5320742130279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183021626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4620674","display_name":"Sex organ","level":2,"score":0.48139074444770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777786686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58","display_name":"Penis","level":2,"score":0.45278969407081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.24800431728363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002944","descriptor_name":"Circumcision, Male","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005832","descriptor_name":"Genital Diseases, Male","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005832","descriptor_name":"Genital Diseases, Male","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012871","descriptor_name":"Skin Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012871","descriptor_name":"Skin Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016017","descriptor_name":"Odds Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/archderm.136.3.350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.136.3.350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.136.3.350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115046667","display_name":"Archives of Dermatology","issn_l":"0003-987X","issn":["0003-987X","1538-3652"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Dermatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10724196","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10724196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of dermatology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59909958","https://openalex.org/W160068651","https://openalex.org/W173152183","https://openalex.org/W204367689","https://openalex.org/W438312428","https://openalex.org/W1500070414","https://openalex.org/W1969023970","https://openalex.org/W1970973197","https://openalex.org/W1981361698","https://openalex.org/W1986978802","https://openalex.org/W2005733170","https://openalex.org/W2013620844","https://openalex.org/W2014751829","https://openalex.org/W2016681612","https://openalex.org/W2023677806","https://openalex.org/W2029995127","https://openalex.org/W2037235644","https://openalex.org/W2037486188","https://openalex.org/W2040486184","https://openalex.org/W2051375240","https://openalex.org/W2067724720","https://openalex.org/W2085234632","https://openalex.org/W2110026250","https://openalex.org/W2110827263","https://openalex.org/W2128812856","https://openalex.org/W2140454531","https://openalex.org/W2402030235","https://openalex.org/W2409888098","https://openalex.org/W2472803574","https://openalex.org/W2613550240","https://openalex.org/W2976611137"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120028745","https://openalex.org/W2901286887","https://openalex.org/W1738906183","https://openalex.org/W2230862245","https://openalex.org/W2351380634","https://openalex.org/W2611402155","https://openalex.org/W4417059038","https://openalex.org/W2514821733","https://openalex.org/W7024729170","https://openalex.org/W4411733165"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"CONTEXT:":[0],"It":[1],"is":[2,40],"well":[3],"recognized":[4],"that":[5,275,308],"the":[6,22,25,30,57,96,112,120,129,206,284,294],"presence":[7,26,113,204,282,295],"of":[8,29,54,59,70,79,87,116,126,205,255,266,283,296],"a":[9,101,290],"foreskin":[10,31,207,285],"predisposes":[11],"to":[12],"penile":[13,33,46,146,199,258,316],"carcinoma":[14,178],"and":[15,32,45,77,111,166,187,221,241,246],"sexually":[16],"transmitted":[17],"infections.":[18],"We":[19],"have":[20],"investigated":[21],"relationship":[23,108],"between":[24,43,109],"or":[27,114,293,311],"absence":[28,115],"dermatoses.":[34,47,280,317],"OBJECTIVE:":[35],"To":[36],"determine":[37],"whether":[38],"there":[39],"an":[41],"association":[42],"circumcision":[44,110,127,276,309],"DESIGN:":[48],"A":[49],"retrospective":[50],"case":[51],"control":[52,84],"study":[53,67],"patients":[55,73,90,215,236],"attending":[56,95],"department":[58],"dermatology":[60,98,132],"with":[61,203,216,237,257],"genital":[62,80,92],"skin":[63,81,93,117,200],"conditions.":[64],"SUBJECTS:":[65],"The":[66,83,107,124,137,193,253,281,305],"population":[68,85,133],"consisted":[69,86],"357":[71],"male":[72,89,131],"referred":[74],"for":[75,197],"diagnosis":[76],"management":[78],"disease.":[82],"305":[88],"without":[91],"disease":[94,118,189],"general":[97,130],"clinics":[99],"over":[100],"4-month":[102],"period.":[103],"MAIN":[104],"OUTCOME":[105],"MEASURES:":[106],"involving":[119],"penis":[121],"was":[122,134,208,228],"investigated.":[123],"rate":[125],"in":[128,230,271],"determined.":[135],"RESULTS:":[136],"most":[138],"common":[139,173,314],"diagnoses":[140,174],"were":[141,224,249,261,269],"psoriasis":[142],"(n":[143,148,153,158,163,169,179,184,190],"=":[144,149,154,159,164,170,180,185,191],"94),":[145],"infections":[147,259],"58),":[150],"lichen":[151,156,239],"sclerosus":[152,227],"52),":[155],"planus":[157],"39),":[160],"seborrheic":[161,242],"dermatitis":[162],"29),":[165],"Zoon":[167,217],"balanitis":[168],"27).":[171],"Less":[172],"included":[175],"squamous":[176],"cell":[177],"4),":[181],"bowenoid":[182,219],"papulosis":[183],"3),":[186],"Bowen":[188],"3).":[192],"age-adjusted":[194],"odds":[195],"ratio":[196],"all":[198],"diseases":[201],"associated":[202],"3.24":[209],"(95%":[210],"confidence":[211],"interval,":[212],"2.26-4.64).":[213],"All":[214],"balanitis,":[218],"papulosis,":[220],"nonspecific":[222],"balanoposthitis":[223],"uncircumcised.":[225,262],"Lichen":[226],"diagnosed":[229,270],"only":[231],"1":[232],"circumcised":[233],"patient.":[234],"Most":[235,264],"psoriasis,":[238],"planus,":[240],"eczema":[243],"(72%,":[244],"69%,":[245],"72%,":[247],"respectively)":[248],"uncircumcised":[250,272],"at":[251],"presentation.":[252],"majority":[254],"men":[256],"(84%)":[260],"CONCLUSIONS:":[263],"cases":[265],"inflammatory":[267,279],"dermatoses":[268],"men,":[273],"suggesting":[274],"protects":[277,312],"against":[278,313],"may":[286,302],"promote":[287],"inflammation":[288],"by":[289],"k\u00f6ebnerization":[291],"phenomenon,":[292],"infectious":[297],"agents,":[298],"as":[299],"yet":[300],"unidentified,":[301],"induce":[303],"inflammation.":[304],"data":[306],"suggest":[307],"prevents":[310],"infective":[315]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2026-11-15T12:55:33.944570","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}