{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995009447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.69","title":"Balancing Work and Life: A Conversation with Barbara Knowles","display_name":"Balancing Work and Life: A Conversation with Barbara Knowles","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995009447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.69","mag":"1995009447","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19415760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/stem.69","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.69","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.69","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/stmcls/article-pdf/27/5/989/41947368/stmcls_27_5_989.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65139510","display_name":"Stem Cells","issn_l":"1066-5099","issn":["1066-5099","1549-4918"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Stem Cells","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/stmcls/article-pdf/27/5/989/41947368/stmcls_27_5_989.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032539966","display_name":"Majlinda Lako","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1327-8573","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1327-8573"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802983449","display_name":"Centre for Life","ror":"https://ror.org/027tbp210","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802983449"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Majlinda Lako","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Human Genetics and NESCI, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Human Genetics and NESCI, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802983449","https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072436128","display_name":"Susan Rainey Daher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802983449","display_name":"Centre for Life","ror":"https://ror.org/027tbp210","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802983449"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan Daher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Human Genetics and NESCI, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Human Genetics and NESCI, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802983449","https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032539966"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802983449","https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"apc_list":{"value":4477,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4477},"apc_paid":{"value":4477,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4477},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27284326,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"5","first_page":"989","last_page":"990"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10722","display_name":"Work-Family Balance Challenges","score":0.923799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10722","display_name":"Work-Family Balance Challenges","score":0.923799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13495","display_name":"Biographical and Historical Analysis","score":0.03739999979734421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.01860000006854534,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-life-balance","display_name":"work-life balance","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-careers","display_name":"scientific careers","score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stem-cell-research","display_name":"stem cell research","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embryonic-stem-cells","display_name":"embryonic stem cells","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-mentorship","display_name":"scientific mentorship","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-science","display_name":"women in science","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stem-cell-reprogramming","display_name":"stem cell reprogramming","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jackson-laboratory","display_name":"Jackson Laboratory","score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wistar-institute","display_name":"Wistar Institute","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-spring-harbor-laboratory","display_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","score":0.8399999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.9365290999412537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.8645719289779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.46187639236450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.3636082708835602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.12095054984092712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.11863970756530762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001695","descriptor_name":"Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014937","descriptor_name":"Work","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019369","descriptor_name":"Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049674","descriptor_name":"History, 21st Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/stem.69","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.69","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.69","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/stmcls/article-pdf/27/5/989/41947368/stmcls_27_5_989.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65139510","display_name":"Stem Cells","issn_l":"1066-5099","issn":["1066-5099","1549-4918"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Stem Cells","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19415760","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19415760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio)","raw_type":"Biography"},{"id":"doi:10.25405/ncl.34105038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34105038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34105038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.25405/ncl.34105038.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34105038.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34105038.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/stem.69","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.69","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.69","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/stmcls/article-pdf/27/5/989/41947368/stmcls_27_5_989.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65139510","display_name":"Stem Cells","issn_l":"1066-5099","issn":["1066-5099","1549-4918"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Stem Cells","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309370","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320696","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334915","display_name":"Instytut Biologii Medycznej Polskiej Akademii Nauk","ror":"https://ror.org/02kstzn75"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335125","display_name":"RIKEN","ror":"https://ror.org/01sjwvz98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337320","display_name":"Graduiertenakademie, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337368","display_name":"Division of Graduate Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00whkrf32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1995009447.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1995009447.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986692906","https://openalex.org/W1037954240","https://openalex.org/W2085650708","https://openalex.org/W2120254585","https://openalex.org/W2039656088","https://openalex.org/W4405011397","https://openalex.org/W4283742432","https://openalex.org/W4210275767","https://openalex.org/W2753706898","https://openalex.org/W4249879261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dr.":[0,298,303,348,360,426,458,760,890,974,1021,1161],"Knowles":[1,299,349,361,428,459,761,891,975,1022,1162],"received":[2],"her":[3,121,150,301,529,895,1173],"A.B.":[4],"in":[5,10,12,19,26,41,63,101,186,193,307,364,376,403,677,709,718,731,743,844,897,924,935,987,1008,1096,1144,1150,1183,1195],"Biology":[6,84],"from":[7,21,528,540,804,919,1307],"Middlebury":[8],"College":[9],"Vermont":[11],"1958,":[13],"and":[14,17,77,82,104,111,114,125,179,208,211,232,262,284,300,319,343,378,387,411,429,454,470,510,515,522,544,563,570,580,611,649,651,687,691,701,742,847,867,970,1005,1033,1042,1123,1166,1186,1219,1241,1286,1303,1342,1345],"an":[15,31,556,719,758,839,939,1031],"M.S.":[16],"Ph.D.":[18],"Zoology":[20],"the":[22,42,47,60,68,80,90,119,134,141,146,158,167,176,187,190,197,213,226,240,247,251,256,263,274,290,308,314,331,356,373,383,393,409,413,433,465,471,499,504,516,532,585,617,624,639,655,699,710,715,726,736,755,764,771,774,801,814,842,857,898,914,933,979,1016,1024,1037,1062,1068,1074,1085,1088,1097,1159,1170,1258,1267,1316,1321,1355],"Arizona":[23,32],"State":[24,33],"University":[25,34,48,91,124,198],"1965,":[27],"where":[28,73,97,201,1148],"she":[29,52,74,98,129,155,202,209,1102],"was":[30,99,184,203,220,406,531,595,638,667,902,1233,1244],"Foundation":[35],"Scholar.":[36],"After":[37],"a":[38,54,131,205,222,271,287,338,352,380,483,489,606,634,685,882,1011,1028,1092,1115,1176,1191,1215,1360],"postdoctoral":[39,607,1006,1124],"fellowship":[40],"Department":[43],"of":[44,49,79,92,95,109,112,149,169,175,189,199,225,250,258,273,289,293,311,324,333,345,397,451,485,491,534,559,584,589,619,641,654,658,664,722,735,757,773,776,786,797,800,841,871,886,913,963,1014,1018,1026,1087,1094,1131,1137,1269,1282],"Genetics":[45,231],"at":[46,59,71,89,133,196,330,355,372,432,632,795,1226,1334],"California,":[50],"Berkeley,":[51],"obtained":[53],"position":[55],"as":[56,86,88,106,605,825,827,889,1175,1201,1288,1290],"research":[57,151,367,1051,1056,1185],"associate":[58],"Wistar":[61,107,374,434],"Institute":[62,215,228,332,375,962],"Philadelphia.":[64],"She":[65,183,219,234,269,1117],"rose":[66],"through":[67,1302],"scientific":[69],"ranks":[70],"Wistar,":[72],"became":[75,362],"Professor":[76,108],"Chair":[78],"Cell":[81,254],"Developmental":[83],"group,":[85],"well":[87,826,1289],"Pennsylvania":[93],"School":[94,192],"Medicine,":[96],"active":[100],"graduate":[102,1040],"education":[103],"served":[105,279],"Microbiology":[110],"Pathology":[113],"Laboratory":[115,138],"Medicine.":[116],"During":[117],"1987\u20131988,":[118],"year":[120],"children":[122,1225],"entered":[123],"boarding":[126],"school,":[127],"respectively,":[128],"took":[130],"sabbatical":[132],"Cold":[135],"Spring":[136],"Harbor":[137],"to":[139,157,164,340,391,442,448,474,477,488,498,592,601,615,670,674,695,697,728,753,779,823,830,838,851,860,863,868,875,879,905,929,1064,1107,1158,1189,1197,1211,1213,1264,1266,1279,1284,1291,1331,1358],"acquire":[140],"molecular":[142,702],"skills":[143],"necessary":[144,850,859],"for":[145,171,216,229,316,790,956,967,981,1003,1048,1298],"next":[147],"phase":[148],"work.":[152,921],"In":[153],"1993,":[154],"moved":[156],"Jackson":[159],"Laboratory,":[160],"Bar":[161],"Harbor,":[162],"Maine,":[163],"take":[165],"up":[166,337],"positions":[168],"Director":[170,174],"Research,":[172],"Deputy":[173],"Cancer":[177],"Center,":[178],"Senior":[180,327,353],"Staff":[181],"Scientist.":[182],"influential":[185],"founding":[188,223],"Graduate":[191,358],"Biomedical":[194],"Sciences":[195],"Maine":[200,227],"appointed":[204],"Presidential":[206],"Professor,":[207],"cofunded":[210],"codirected":[212],"International":[214,252,259],"Molecular":[217],"Biophysics.":[218],"also":[221,351,998,1118,1209],"member":[224,272,288],"Human":[230],"Health.":[233],"serves":[235],"on":[236,280,572,646,856,907,947,991,1000,1084],"numerous":[237],"committees,":[238],"including":[239],"European":[241],"Mouse":[242,260],"Mutant":[243],"Archive":[244],"(Consulting":[245],"Director),":[246],"Steering":[248],"Committee":[249],"Stem":[253,294],"Initiative,":[255],"Federation":[257],"Resources,":[261],"RIKEN":[264],"BioResource":[265],"Center":[266],"Advisory":[267],"Council.":[268],"is":[270,285,350,740,881,938,976,1052,1067,1073,1091,1105,1114,1208,1296],"Max":[275],"Plank":[276],"Society,":[277],"has":[278,768,810],"several":[281],"editorial":[282,291],"boards,":[283],"currently":[286],"board":[292],"Cells.":[295],"Last":[296],"year,":[297],"husband":[302],"Davor":[304,369,609,690],"Solter":[305,370,610],"participated":[306],"extraordinary":[309],"expansion":[310],"science":[312,937],"by":[313,408,567,704],"Agency":[315,966],"Science,":[317,968],"Technology":[318,969],"Research":[320,971],"(A*STAR),":[321,972],"Singapore.":[322,973],"Both":[323],"them":[325,1235],"are":[326,503,548,945,989,1046,1126,1169],"Principal":[328],"Investigators":[329],"Medical":[334,964],"Biology,":[335,965],"starting":[336],"laboratory":[339],"study":[341,443],"reprogramming":[342,724],"differentiation":[344,862],"stem":[346,365,400,452,500,507,593,706,787,910,1098],"cells.":[347],"Mentor":[354],"A*STAR":[357],"Academy.":[359],"interested":[363],"cell":[366,492,501,508,512,538,553,561,625,738,745,788,833,865,873,1099],"when":[368,597,1231,1242],"arrived":[371],"1973":[377],"gave":[379],"seminar":[381,1146],"discussing":[382],"work":[384,530,566,591,602,645,906,1168,1218,1265],"that":[385,417,437,627,763,817,931,1044,1121,1164,1236,1246,1310],"he":[386],"others":[388,571,1320],"had":[389,460,630,1223],"done":[390],"find":[392,1214,1280],"normal":[394],"embryonic":[395,506,782,909],"equivalent":[396,756],"embryonal":[398],"carcinoma":[399],"cells":[401,453,594,707,822,911],"(ECC)":[402],"mice.":[404],"\u201cI":[405,1179],"fascinated":[407],"possibilities":[410],"followed":[412],"field":[414,502],"eagerly":[415],"after":[416],"time":[418,896,1283,1295],"until":[419],"I":[420,612,692,712,1111,1141,1187,1222,1228,1232,1237,1243,1247,1255,1262],"plunged":[421],"into":[422],"it":[423,901,1079,1207],"myself\u201d":[424],"explains":[425],"Knowles.":[427],"other":[430,1134],"researchers":[431],"first":[435],"noted":[436],"if":[438],"they":[439,445,748,996,1045,1156,1202],"were":[440],"going":[441],"differentiation,":[444,808],"would":[446],"have":[447,449,713,1256,1332,1337,1346],"markers":[450,519],"their":[455,1049,1138,1204],"differentiated":[456,821,832],"derivatives.":[457],"already":[461],"been":[462],"experimenting":[463],"with":[464,603,813,1010,1030,1234,1250,1319,1339,1348],"newly":[466],"developed":[467],"hybridoma":[468],"technology,":[469],"group":[472],"turned":[473,694],"this":[475,481,1113],"technique":[476],"develop":[478,1203],"markers.":[479,494],"\u201cFrom":[480],"emerged":[482],"series":[484,657],"monoclonal":[486,659],"antibodies":[487],"number":[490,558],"surface":[493],"Those":[495],"most":[496,586],"relevant":[497,587],"mouse":[505],"(ESC)":[509],"germ":[511],"marker":[513],"SSEA1":[514],"human":[517,536,541,620,647,777,781,791,806,908],"ESC":[518,650,807,829],"SSSEA":[520],"3":[521],"4.\u201d":[523],"Another":[524,582],"very":[525,883,1053],"practical":[526],"development":[527],"derivation":[533,653],"functioning":[535],"liver":[537,560],"lines":[539,554,626],"hepatoma":[542],"blastomas":[543],"hepatocellular":[545],"carcinomas.":[546],"\u201cThese":[547],"fully":[549],"differentiated,":[550],"easily":[551],"accessible":[552],"expressing":[555],"abundant":[557],"markers,":[562],"allowed":[564],"in-depth":[565],"my":[568,590,665,1184,1270,1274],"lab":[569,1029],"liver-specific":[573],"proteins,":[574],"transcription":[575],"factors,":[576],"hepatitis":[577],"B":[578],"virus,":[579],"malaria.":[581],"one":[583,818],"themes":[588],"started":[596],"Peter":[598,642],"Andrews":[599],"came":[600],"me":[604],"fellow.":[608],"asked":[613],"him":[614],"determine":[616],"properties":[618],"teratocarcinomas":[621],"(ECCs)":[622],"using":[623],"Jorgen":[628],"Fogh":[629],"derived":[631],"Sloan-Kettering":[633],"decade":[635,717],"before.":[636,1323],"This":[637],"beginning":[640],"Andrew's":[643],"career-long":[644],"ECC":[648],"his":[652],"TRA":[656],"antibodies.":[660],"A":[661],"large":[662],"portion":[663],"career":[666,1132],"spent":[668,714],"trying":[669,696],"unravel":[671],"immune":[672],"response/tolerance":[673],"SV40":[675],"T-antigen":[676,681],"transgenic":[678],"mice":[679],"developing":[680],"induced":[682],"endogenous":[683],"tumors,":[684],"fascinating":[686],"unsolved":[688],"problem.":[689],"then":[693],"uncover":[698],"molecules":[700],"processes":[703],"which":[705,1196],"arise":[708],"embryo.":[711],"last":[716,765],"ongoing":[720],"investigation":[721],"natural":[723],"during":[725,894],"oocyte":[727],"embryo":[729],"transition":[730],"mammals.":[732],"Each":[733],"blastomere":[734],"two":[737],"embryos":[739],"totipotent":[741],"five":[744],"division":[746],"cycles":[747],"become":[749],"what":[750,1155],"we":[751,835],"consider":[752],"be":[754,1065,1239,1249],"ESC.\u201d":[759],"notes":[762],"10":[766],"years":[767],"clearly":[769],"seen":[770],"rise":[772],"exploration":[775],"ESCs":[778,824,880],"probe":[780],"development.":[783],"\u201cThe":[784,984],"promise":[785],"technology":[789],"disease":[792],"therapy,":[793],"or":[794,878],"least":[796],"making":[798],"use":[799],"knowledge":[802,816],"gained":[803],"studying":[805],"really":[809,1128],"potential.":[811],"Now,":[812],"sure":[815,1254],"can":[819,1313],"reprogram":[820],"differentiate":[828],"any":[831,864],"type,":[834],"must":[836],"come":[837],"understanding":[840,1038],"alterations":[843],"chromatin":[845],"structure":[846],"transcriptional":[848],"changes":[849],"effect":[852,869],"these":[853],"transitions.":[854],"Studies":[855],"interactions":[858],"control":[861],"type":[866],"dedifferentiation":[870],"specific":[872],"types":[874],"adult":[876],"precursors":[877],"important":[884,1106,1210,1330],"area":[885],"research.\u201d":[887],"But":[888,995,1206,1327],"points":[892,1119],"out,":[893],"United":[899],"States":[900],"often":[903],"difficult":[904],"because":[912],"so-called":[915],"ethical":[916],"problems":[917],"arising":[918],"such":[920],"\u201cScience":[922],"advisors":[923],"governments":[925],"should":[926,997,1238,1248],"lead":[927],"politicians":[928],"understand":[930],"pushing":[932],"frontiers":[934,1109],"biomedical":[936,949],"economic":[940],"imperative.":[941],"The":[942],"health-related":[943],"industries":[944],"dependent":[946],"fundamental":[948],"research.":[950],"An":[951],"aging":[952],"population":[953],"will":[954],"clamor":[955],"healthcare":[957],"solutions.\u201d":[958],"Barbara":[959],"Knowles,":[960],"Ph.D.,":[961],"optimistic":[977],"about":[978],"future":[980],"young":[982,993,1019,1199,1224],"scientists.":[983],"funding":[985,992,1001],"agencies":[986],"general":[988],"focusing":[990],"people.":[994],"focus":[999],"fellowships":[1002],"pre":[1004],"fellows":[1007,1125],"laboratories":[1009],"track":[1012],"record":[1013],"promoting":[1015],"careers":[1017,1153],"scientists.\u201d":[1020],"recognizes":[1023],"importance":[1025],"providing":[1027],"encouraging":[1032],"supportive":[1034],"atmosphere.":[1035],"\u201cPromoting":[1036],"among":[1039],"students":[1041],"postdocs":[1043],"responsible":[1047],"own":[1050],"important.":[1054],"Providing":[1055],"guidance,":[1057],"but":[1058,1078,1101,1261],"not":[1059,1127,1253],"writing":[1060],"down":[1061],"experiments":[1063],"done,":[1066],"gentle":[1069],"art.":[1070],"Promoting":[1071],"independence":[1072],"best":[1075,1268],"mentoring":[1076],"skill":[1077],"usually":[1080],"involves":[1081],"some":[1082],"sacrifices":[1083],"part":[1086],"mentor.":[1089],"There":[1090],"lot":[1093],"competition":[1095],"field,":[1100],"says":[1103,1163],"\u201ccompetition":[1104],"push":[1108],"forward.":[1110],"think":[1112],"positive.\u201d":[1116],"out":[1120],"\u201cpre":[1122],"made":[1129],"aware":[1130],"options":[1133],"than":[1135],"those":[1136,1149],"immediate":[1139],"mentors.":[1140],"see":[1142],"opportunity":[1143],"informal":[1145],"programs":[1147],"various":[1151],"science-related":[1152],"present":[1154],"do":[1157],"fellows.\u201d":[1160],"persistence":[1165],"hard":[1167],"keys":[1171],"behind":[1172],"success":[1174],"principal":[1177],"investigator.":[1178],"am":[1180],"deeply":[1181],"absorbed":[1182],"like":[1188],"create":[1190],"strong,":[1192],"questioning":[1193],"atmosphere":[1194],"mentor":[1198],"scientists":[1200],"careers.\u201d":[1205],"try":[1212,1263],"balance":[1216],"between":[1217],"life.":[1220],"\u201cWhen":[1221],"home":[1227],"felt":[1229],"guilty":[1230],"working,":[1240],"working":[1245],"them.":[1251],"I'm":[1252],"achieved":[1257],"\u2018right":[1259],"balance,\u2019":[1260],"ability":[1271],"without":[1272],"compromising":[1273],"personal":[1275],"relationships.":[1276],"It's":[1277],"good":[1278],"blocks":[1281],"plan":[1285],"think,":[1287],"do.":[1292],"Early":[1293],"morning":[1294],"great":[1297],"getting":[1299],"things":[1300],"thought":[1301],"done.":[1304],"Stay":[1305],"away":[1306],"people":[1308],"so":[1309],"your":[1311,1335,1340,1349],"thoughts":[1312],"flow":[1314],"around":[1315],"ideas":[1317],"generated":[1318],"day":[1322],"Take":[1324],"long":[1325],"showers.":[1326],"remember,":[1328],"it's":[1329,1354],"fun":[1333,1338,1347],"work,":[1336],"family":[1341],"loved":[1343],"ones,":[1344],"friends.":[1350],"Go":[1351],"all":[1352],"out;":[1353],"only":[1356],"way":[1357],"live":[1359],"fulfilled":[1361],"life!\u201d":[1362]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}